The aim of this study was to identify bacteria isolated from the oral cavities and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics. The bacterial strains were obtained from the Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology (KCOM). The bacteria were identified by comparing 16S rDNA sequences at the species level. The data showed that 77 bacterial strains were predominantly identified as streptococci (49.4%) and staphylococci (14.3%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using a broth dilution assay to test the sensitivity of the bacterial strains. The MIC values of the oral bacterial strains against antibiotics were different. Streptococci were sensitive to clindamycin, cefuroxime axetil, and vancomycin, and they were resistant to tetracycline. Staphylococci also were sensitive to clindamycin, cefuroxime axetil, and vancomycin, and they were resistant to penicillin antibiotics. Gramnegative bacterial strains were sensitive to tetracycline and were resistant to clindamycin. These results suggest that the antimicrobial susceptibility test is necessary in deciding the prescription for antibiotics, to prevent the misuse or abuse of antibiotics.

Population densities of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria by plate counting method were in the range of 3.5 ± 0.2 × 106~1.8 ± 0.7 × 107 cfu g−1 dry wt. from the grasses of Gunsan Country Club which sampled from August to October, 2011. We selected the celluloytic bacteria from aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and identified 6 strains among ninety-six isolates by using 16S rDNA analysis. As a result, four isolates belonged to Firmicute group, two isolates belonged to Gamma-proteobacteria group and Actinobacteria group, respectively. We also analysed the cabon sources utilization patterns of six isolates. D-cellobiose, D-Fructose, D-Galactose, D-Mannose, DMelibiose, D-Psicose, Gentiobiose, Lactulose, L-Arabinose, L-Fucose, Turanose, α-D-Glucose, and α-D-lactose among 95 carbon sources are utilized by all six isolates.

To get more comprehensive understandings about the microbial diversity near the seawater of Ulleung Island, East sea of Korea, the bacterial identification base on 16S rDNA and their carbon source utilization patterns were analysed through the six surface water samples collected at June 23 to 25, 2007. The results are as follows; the population densities of aerobic heterotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria were from 1.9±0.6×104~6.3±0.7 ×104 cfu ml−1 and from 1.7±0.4×103~2.5±0.4×103 cfu ml−1 during sampling periods, respectively. Among 121 isolated stains, the dominant taxa are Pseudoalteromonas spp. (30 colonies) and Alteromonas spp. (17 colonies). Thirty-senven species-level strains base on 16S rDNA sequencing data are identified, which comprised Gammaproteobacteria (14 strains), Alphaproteobacteria (6 strains), Flavobacteria (6 strains), Actinobacteridae (4 strains), Firmicutes (4 strains), Deinococci (2 strains), Betaproteobacteria (1 strains). The carbon utilization patterns by assay of Biolog-microplate, α-D-glucose are used by 88.9% of the 27 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and more than 80% of them also consumed L-arabinose, D-trehalose, L-alanine, and pyruvic acid methyl ester. On the other hand, all the 10 strains of Gram-positive bacteria used α-D-glucose, and more than 80% of them also exploited maltose, palatinose, D-trehalose, turanose, D-xylose, and pyruvic acid.

The flower bugs (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is usually known as biological control agents against various kinds of agricultural pests such as aphids, mites, thrips and so on. Since the classification of the family Anthocoridae has been controversial, the molecular phylogenetic study was conducted with 44 species including 6 outgroup taxa. Three genes, a total of 3277 bp of sequence data (nuclear 18S rDNA: 2022bp, 28S rDNA: 755bp, and mitochondrial 16S rDNA: 498bp), were analyzed using ML (maximum likelihood) and Bayesian methods, excluding MP (maximum parsimony) as the incongruence length difference (ILD) test has very low (0.001) P-values on all partition tests. Our results support the rank and monophyly of the family Lasiochilidae which was exclusively separated from the main clade of Anthocoridae proposed by Schuh and Stys (1991), and indicate the monophyletic relationships among tribes and genera within the family Anthocoridae. According to our results, the genus Amphiareus should be out of the tribe Dufourini and treated as the tribe level and The three genera, Blaptostethus, Scoloposcelis and Xylocoris should be placed to the family Lyctocoridae. We also propose the evolutionary theory of Anthocoridae based on their habitats, hunting behavior and the molecular phylogenetic results.

Samples were taken from the surface waters around Dokdo Island to measure the physico-chemical and microbiological water qualities from June 23 to 26, 2007. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were in the range of 20.7~20.9oC and 7.01~7.74, respectively. Salinity and pH were in the range of 34.5~34.8‰ and 8.23~8.37, respectively. Population densities of aerobic oligotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria by plate counting method were in the range of 2.4±0.5×103~3.0±0.3×103 and 4.4±0.6×103~6.0±0.9×103 cfu ml−1, respectively. Among thirty-seven isolates isolated from surface waters around Dokdo island by using 16S rDNA analysis, dominant species were closely related to Actionobacteria (7 clones), α-proteobacteria group (6 clones), and γ-proteobacteria group (4 clones).

This study was undertaken to develop PCR primers for the identification and detection of Streptococcus anginosus using species-specific forward and reverse primers. These primers targeted the variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA coding gene(rDNA). The primer specificity was tested against 12 S. anginosus strains and 6 different species(10 strains) of oral bacteria. The primer sensitivity was determined by testing serial dilutions of the purified genomic DNA of S. anginosus ATCC 33397T. The data showed that species-specific amplicons were obtained from all the S. anginosus strains tested, but not in the six other species. The PCR could detect as little as 0.4pg of the chromosomal DNA from S. anginosus. This suggests that the PCR primers are highly sensitive and applicable to the detection and identification of S. anginosus.

한국에 분포하고 있는 개구리 속에 대한 염기서열을 결정하고 상호 비교하여 종간 유전적 변이 정도를 밝히고자 한국산 개구리 속 6종과 일본산 개구리 속 1종에 대한 미토콘드리아 165 rDNA를 분석하였으며, Gene-bank에 수록된 일본산 산개구리류 3종도 함께 비교 분석하여 총 437 bp의 염기서열을 결정하였다. 산개구리류 7종에 대한 similarity는 91.3∼97.3％이며, 참개구리류는 96.1∼97.3％로 나타났다. 또한, 참개구리류와 옴

지리적으로 격리되어 있는 아무르산개구리 (Rana amurensis)의 유전적인 변이를 알아보기 위하여 미토콘드리아 165 rDNA 유전자 중 401 bp 염기서열을 분석하여 비교하였다. 아무르산개구리(4개 지역집단; 한국, 중국, 몽골 및 러시아), 참개구리(2개 지역집단: 한국, 일본) 및 다른 종류의 산개구리류 미토콘드리아 165 rDNA 유전자도 함께 비교하였다. 아무르산개구리의 형태적 유사성에도 불구하고, 한국 집단은 다른 지역의 집단들과 비교