The object of this study conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation cropping system on soil properties and crop productivity in newly reclaimed tidal land. Five types of paddyupland rotation cropping system were evaluated : Rice-Rice (RR) Rice-Maize (RM), Mize-Maize (MM), Rice-Soybean (RS), Soybean-Soybean (SS). The soil bulk density was the lowest RM treatment, and soil pH was a tendency to be lower in all treatments of the paddy-upland rotation cropping system. RM treatment showed a higher moisture content and lower Electrical conductivity than RR treatment. Results of maize productivity in paddy-upland rotation cropping system, Except for the stem diameter growth, RM treatment showed good growth and productivity than MM treatment. Soybean growth and yield increased in the rotated upland cultivation from rice-paddy field compared to the SS treatment. But, overall treatments indicated poor growth and yield. In this study, we offer the effects of paddyupland rotation cropping system on the soil properties and upland crop growth and yield, and also out results can be provide supporting basic data that introduced paddy-upland rotation in reclaimed tidal land.

Paenibacillus elgii HOA73는 신규 개발된 미생물 제제로 작물생장 및 병원균 방 제 등 다양한 효능에 대한 연구가 수행중이다. 본 연구는 P. elgii 배양액의 배추좀 나방 살충률 제고와 시판농자재 사용량 감소를 통한 방제비용 절감을 위하여 시판 친환경 농자재(1000배 ~ 10,000배)와 P. elgii 농도별(5 × 107 ~ 9 × 107) 혼합 살포 에 따른 살충효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 속효성과 약효성이 높은 세 종류의 시판 농 자재를 선발 한 후 이들의 희석 배율과 P. elgii의 배양액 농도별 혼합 실험 결과, 시 판 농자재는 권장 희석액의 두 배 희석농도(5 × 107 농도의 P. elgii 배양액)에서도 세 종류 모두 72시간내 96% 이상의 살충력을 나타내었다. 이들에 대한 복숭아혹진 딧물과 점박이응애에 대한 혼합 살충력 분석결과, 복숭아혹진딧물의 경우 권장 희 석액의 두 배 희석농도(5 × 107 농도의 P. elgii 배양액) 역시 80% ~ 100%의 살충력 을 그리고 점박이응애의 경우 모두 100%의 살비력을 나타내었다. 이로써 시판 친 환경농자재를 P. elgii 배양액과 혼합하여 사용할 경우 친환경농자재 단독 처리시 보다 최소 반의 가격 절감효과가 있으며 하나의 약재를 이용하여 저작성 배추좀나 방과 흡즙성의 복숭아혹진딧물과 점박이응애를 동시에 방제할 수 있을 것으로 판 단된다. 향후 소포장 검정과 확장된 실내검정을 통해 작물생장 및 병원균 방제에 효 능을 갖고 있는 P. elgii의 적용범위에 대한 추가 연구를 수행하고자 한다.

Population densities of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria by plate counting method were in the range of 3.5 ± 0.2 × 106~1.8 ± 0.7 × 107 cfu g−1 dry wt. from the grasses of Gunsan Country Club which sampled from August to October, 2011. We selected the celluloytic bacteria from aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and identified 6 strains among ninety-six isolates by using 16S rDNA analysis. As a result, four isolates belonged to Firmicute group, two isolates belonged to Gamma-proteobacteria group and Actinobacteria group, respectively. We also analysed the cabon sources utilization patterns of six isolates. D-cellobiose, D-Fructose, D-Galactose, D-Mannose, DMelibiose, D-Psicose, Gentiobiose, Lactulose, L-Arabinose, L-Fucose, Turanose, α-D-Glucose, and α-D-lactose among 95 carbon sources are utilized by all six isolates.

월동기간 동안 zoysiagrass[Zoysia matrella(L.) Merr]와 creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Hunds)의 저온 스트레스에 대한 탄수화물 대사 반응을 구명하기 위해 11월부터 이듬해 4월까지의 식물체내의 탄수화물 대사산물의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. Creeping bentgrass의 녹색도와 뿌리 성장은 온도변화와 거의 평행하게 변화하였으나 zoysiagrass는 뿌리 성장에 거의 변화가 없이

Carbohydrate and soluble protein reserves and regrowth characteristics in response to cutting height were investigated over four regrowth cycles of turf-type perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L. cv. preludeII). When the plants were at the full-vegetative

To investigate C and N metabolisms in response to potassium-deficient stress during regrowth of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.), C and N metabolites were analyzed at day 0 (cutting date), 6, 12 and 24 days after defoliation. K-sufficient (control,

To investigate the effect of Mycorrhiza (Glomus intradics) and Rhizobium inoculation on the N, P utilization and growth response of Alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) and Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in mixed sward, four treatments (non-inoculation, C

To investigate the effect of Mycorrhiza (Glomus intradics) and Rhizobium inoculation on the N, P utilization and the growth of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), four treatments (non-inoculation, control ; Mycorrhiza inoculation, M ; Rhizobiurn inoculation, R

To restore reclaimed land, it needs to be supplemented with organic matter; this is especially true for Korea, where organic matter constitutes only one-tenth of conventional agricultural soils. The giant Miscanthus, a perennial grass known for its extensive biomass, shows signs of being an excellent source of organic matter for restoring reclaimed land. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the feasibility of using the giant miscanthus as an organic resource within the context of re-using reclaimed land for agricultural purposes (i.e., potato cultivation), and (ii) determine the optimum fertilization rate for the potatoes while the giant miscanthus is being used as an organic resource. Our results show that after 180 days, giant miscanthus lost 23–47% of its original dry weight, with the extent of the loss dependent on soil salinity. Nutrient concentrations (Mg2+, Na+) continued to increase until the end of the study period. In contrast, potassium (K+) and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decreased until the end of the study period. Specifically, after 180 days, low salinity topsoil treatments had the lowest C/N ratio. In the first year, 150 % of standard N rates were required for the potatoes to achieve maximum productivity; however in the 2nd year, standard rates were sufficient to achieve maximum productivity. Overall, this implies that even though the application of giant miscanthus did eventually improve soil quality, increasing crop yields, N fertilization is still necessary for the best outcomes.

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is widespread in reclaimed land and wetland habitats. Every year, the common reed produces extensive colonies by means of underground rhizomes and ground-surface stolons. From an agricultural point of view, the common reed's large biomass is a good material for supplying organic matter. However, it has not yet been studied in terms of seedling production, transplanting conditions, and decomposition characteristics in reclaimed land. Seeds were harvested from the native common reed in Saemangeum, South Korea, the previous year and stored on an open field. The seeds were sowed in the greenhouse at the beginning of April. Common reed decomposition was studied from June to September, with the use of coarse mesh (5 mm) stem litterbags, on three samping dates and with five replicate packs per sample. These packs were dug in five soil condition (low-salinity topsoil, subsoil, high-salinity topsoil, subsoil, paddy topsoil) to 0.2 m and 0.4 m depth. The highest germination rate of common reed seeds was observed in non-salt solution, but the exhibited germination rate was 70% at 9.38 dS m-1. The plant height of young reed decreased steadily with increasing salinity, but leaf number did not decrease by 9.38 dS m-1. The survival rate of the two-year-old reed was 83.3%, which was 35% higher than that of the one-year reed. The transplant success rate was 0% in the no vinyl mulching in the soil, but the first year and second year seedlings survived rates were 63% and 83.3%, respectively, in vinyl mulching. Common reed decomposition rates were faster low salinity than high salinity. All nutrient contents were found to fluctuate significantly with time by soil conditions. We also need to study the growth rate of reed transplanting seedlings by soil moisture contents and the comparison of degradation in common reed tissues.

This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic rice production using gelatin ․ chitin microorganisms in eco-friendly complex, Gongsan, Naju city. The soil condition of experiment paddy field was Jeonbuk series and silt loam with a slightly poor drainage. Except for the high effective silicate, the chemical characteristics of soils used were included in the optimum range of paddy soils in Korea. In growth, plant length, tiller number, ear number, and ear length were observed to be higher in conventional paddy fields than organic paddy fields. However, number of grain per panicle and grain filling ratio (%) were higher in organic paddy fields than conventional paddy fields. Incidences of diseases and insect pests were slightly higher in the organic paddy fields. Water weevil, sheath blight, rice leaf roller and rice blast were more occurred in organic paddy field. On the other hand, false smut was higher occurred in conventional paddy field. There was a significant negative correlation between rice sheath blight and rice leaf roller, and rice yield. In the milled rice quality, the quality of organically cultivated milled rices was lower by the increase of broken rice than that of conventionally cultivated milled rices. The quality and palatability of rice were higher in organic cultivation with decreasing of protein content. Net income of conventionally and organically cultivated rice was 360,000 won/10a and 610,000 won/10a, respectively. Premium net income of the organically cultivated rice was 68%.

Paddy-upland rotation system is one of the important cropping system for improving soil quality and crop productivity. we conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation system on soil properties and crop productivity in reclaimed tidal land. The paddy-upland rotation could be effective to conserve soil water contents and prevent from salt damage when cultivating upland crops. The first two years of maize cultivation after rice cultivation could be effective to secure stable production. However, in case of soybean crop, the rotation effect might be lower than that of maize. In the first year, the yield of soybean was 214 kg/10a. In the second and third year, the yields of soybean decreased consecutively to 152, 123 kg/10a respectively. In this paper, it would be suggested that maize be cultivated for up to two years and soybean be cultivated for one year after rice crop grown in reclaimed tidal land. This study could be provide basic data of the physico-chemical properties applicable to paddy-upland rotation system at reclaimed tidal lands.

두둑과 고랑을 재활용한 한국형 무경운 농업에서 유기물 투입과 관수 효과를 구명하고 자 무경운 토양에서 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 토양 미생물상 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 토양 세균과 곰팡이 수는 대두박 무 투입 구에 비하여 많았다. 그리고 유기질비료 투입량이 표준시비량 66%까지 증가되면 세균과 곰팡이 수는 증가되었으나, 그 이상에서는 세균과 곰팡이 수가 감소되는 경향이었다. 곰팡 이/세균 비율은 관수 방법과 관계없이 대두박 투입 처리에서 0.6과 1.1로, 무투입 처리의 0.2와 0.5보다 2배 이상 높았다 1회 전량 관수 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 증가되면 대두박을 투입한 처리는 방선균 수는 감소되는 경향이었으나, 대두박 무투입에서는 증가되었다. 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량 관수에 비하여 대두박 무 투입 조건에서 세균과 곰팡이 수가 증가되었으나, 대두박 투입 조건에서는 방선균 수가 증가되었다. 2. 토양 효소 유기질 비료의 시비량이 증가되면 토양 내 Chitinase 활성은 대두박 투입 토양에서 감소 되고, 대두박 무 투입에서는 증가되는 경향이었다. 그러나 대두박을 투입에 관계없이 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 Chitinase 활성이 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 β-Glucosidase 활성은 무투입에 비하여 높 았으며, 유기질 비료 투입량이 증가되면 표준시비량의 66%까지는 β-Glucosidase 활성이 증 가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 감소되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수 토양 내 β-Glucosidase 활성은 1회 전량관수에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박을 투입한 처리의 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 무투입구에 비하여 높았다. 대두박 투입 처리에서 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량의 66 %까지 증가되면 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 표준량의 66% 수준에서는 토양 내 산성인 산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성 높았다. 대두박 투입 조건에서는 유기질 비료 시비 량이 증가되면 산성인산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성은 증가되는 경향이었다. 3. 토양 AMF 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료의 투입량이 표준시비량의 66%까지 증가되면 토양 의 내생균근균의(AMF) 포자수는 증가되었으나, 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량에서는 근균의 포자수는 감소되었다. 그러나 대두박 투입에서 근균의 포자수는 유기질 비료 투입 량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그리고 내생 근균의 고추 뿌리에 정착률은 대두박 투 입량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 2회 분할 관수도 같은 경향이었다.

It was investigated for the feasibility of recycling lawn waste from a golf course to use liquid fertilizer. Turfgrassclippings, microbial agent, waste molasses and synthetic culture medium were used as a raw material of liquid fertilizer,and those were fermented anaerobically to investigate the optimum mixing ratio and fermentation period. The sanitarysafety of liquid fertilizer was evaluated as well. When the turfgrass clippings and waste molasses were used as a rawmaterial of liquid fertilizer, increase of the amount of waste molasses resulted in the decrease of decomposition rate oforganic matter. When the high concentration of the organic wastes were decomposed, the organic acids were accumulatedby the predominant acid forming stage resulted in inefficient anaerobic digestion. The optimum mixing ratios for 1 gramof grass waste were 2.4 to 3.6mL for sugar and 1.6 to 2.4mL for EM (Effective Microorganism), respectively. It wasalso found that optimum fermentation period was about 15 days. The concentration of heavy metals from the manufacturedliquid fertilizer was less than the standards guideline. The microorganisms were observed by SEM (Scanning ElectronMicroscopy) and spherical and rod shaped microorganisms were predominated. The sizes of spherical and rod shapedmicroorganisms were 0.7~0.8µm and 0.7×1.3µm, respectively. The population density of microorganisms wasincreased rapidly after the 15 days.

천연물유래의 안전하고 효과적인 항산화 화합물을 찾기 위하여 채취한 86종의 다양한 식물체로부터 얻은 MeOH 추출물을 DPPH free radical 소거법을 이용하여 항산화활성을 검정한 결과 밤껍질 (RC50=5.8μg)과 느릅나무 (RC50=12μg)에서 대조구인 α-tocopherol(RC50=12μg) 과 BHA(RC50=14μg)에 비해 강한 활성을 보였고 그외 13종에서 도 비교적 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 대표적인 식물병원균 중 6종의 균주를 사용하여 in vivo 방법으로 항미생물 활성을 검정한 결과 굴피나무, 비목나무, 산국, 소리쟁이, 가막사리, 아왜나무에서 90% 이상의 식물병원균의 생육저해 효과를 보였다.