Geological and geomorphological studies were conducted on 50 uninhabited islands around Daeheuksando and Hongdo. The geomorphological investigation showed the geographical features along coast line for each uninhabited island. Geological relation between two great island - Daeheuksando and Hongdo - was analyzed using geological features such as fault, bedding, fracture and unconformity examined throughout the study area.

This survey was conducted as a sector study of a reasonable management plan for uninhabited islands. we conducted bird surveys at 233 uninhabited islands of Shinan-gun, Jindo-gun, Wando-gun in Jeollanam-do from May to October, 2012. In this study, total 26 family and 39 species were observed. Among them three bird species, falcon, eagle owl, oyster catcher belonged in endangered category I and II which is protected by the law in Korea, and four species, tattler, storm petrel, streaked shearwater, oyster catcher which are Near Threatened (NT) according to IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red List (2015) were observed. Uninhabited islands are used as habitats of many resident and/or stopover birds and need to be conserved and protected from destroying by human outdoor activities. This survey is to aim at making a comprehensive plan to conserve these islands if necessary.

This research is on the halophilic bacteria inhibiting in solar salterns. It was conducted by measuring the composition of cultivating ground in each step of salt production and targeting solar salterns during 2012 and 2013 in Jeungdo, Shinangun, JeollaNam-do, Korea. In each step of salt production, the succession of the group has been studied using pyrosequencing method and the new halophile variety has been separately identified in solar salterns. The results are as follows; The decomposition ability of protein, lipid, cellulose, and starch, has been experimented with separately identifying 33 bacteria that appeared as dominants in solar salterns. Overall, the bacteria with decomposition capability of all 4 components were Micrococcus luteus, Nocardioides daejeonensis in Actinobacteria group, Halobacillus trueperi whb45 in Firmicutes group, and Aurantimonas coralicida, Lutibacterium anuloederans, Nesiotobacter exalbescens in Alphaproteobacteria group. Analysis in the diversity of bacteria community of diluted solution with concentration of 3%, 6%, 11%, 20%, and 30% has been made using pyrosequencing method. In the Order level, SAR 11 dominated in 3% salt solution, Rhodobacterales group (18.9%) in 6% solution, Micrococcales group showed the highest ratio in 11% and 20% solutions, and Rhodobacterales group was dominant in the solution of 30%. In Phylum level, Proteobacteria group showed dominancy in 3% and 6% salt solutions, Actinobacteria group was dominant in 11% and 20% solutions, and Proteobacteria group was dominant in 30% solution. Among the isolated strains, seven novel strains (Kmb21, Kmb26, Kmb27, Kmb32, Kmb42, Kmb64, and Kmb80) were donate registered to NCBI and KCTC, JCM, each as new variety candidate.

There are 3,358 islands in Korea and about 85% of them are uninhabited islands. Concerning this, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM) has been seeking not only to settle the fundamental policy on the preservation, the utilization, and the development of the uninhabited islands but also to search the proper types of management suitable for the specialities by inhabited islands. Accordingly, we participated the humanities and sociological research from May 2012 to January 2013 by MLTM intended for 171 uninhabited islands belonging to Mokpo City, Yeosu City, Jindo-Gun, and Shinan-Gun for the purpose of the effective management and utilization of the uninhabited islands. In this treatise, we report the result of the humanities and sociological research about twenty six uninhabited islands nearby Hong-do island.

Among 3,358 islands in Korea, about eighty five percentage of them are uninhabited islands. Concerning this, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM) has been seeking to settle the fundamental policy on the preservation, the utilization, and the development of the uninhabited islands and to search the proper types of management suitable for the specialities by inhabited islands. As part of such research, we participated the humanities and social science research from May 2012 to January 2013 by MLTM intended for 171 uninhabited islands in Mokpo City, Yeosu City, Jindo-Gun, and Shinan-Gun of Jeollanam-Do for the purpose of the effective management and utilization of the uninhabited islands. First of all, in this treatise, we report the results of the humanities and sociological research about nine uninhabited islands nearby Gakyeo island in Shinan-Gun of Jeollanam-Do.

This study concerns the geomorphological and geological aspects of Sip-i-dong-pa-do which is consist of 10 separated islands located 38km west of Kunsan, Jeonbuk, Korea. Since these islands are mostly composed of various volcanic rocks, displaying in a circular structure, Sip-i-dong-pa-do may be formed by a cauldron subsidence. They exhibit a beautiful scenery including columnar joint, sea cliff and the other coastal features. Sip-i-dong-pa-do is, therefore, designated as quasi-preservation areas, considering their natural environment.

Population densities of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria by plate counting method were in the range of 3.5 ± 0.2 × 106~1.8 ± 0.7 × 107 cfu g−1 dry wt. from the grasses of Gunsan Country Club which sampled from August to October, 2011. We selected the celluloytic bacteria from aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and identified 6 strains among ninety-six isolates by using 16S rDNA analysis. As a result, four isolates belonged to Firmicute group, two isolates belonged to Gamma-proteobacteria group and Actinobacteria group, respectively. We also analysed the cabon sources utilization patterns of six isolates. D-cellobiose, D-Fructose, D-Galactose, D-Mannose, DMelibiose, D-Psicose, Gentiobiose, Lactulose, L-Arabinose, L-Fucose, Turanose, α-D-Glucose, and α-D-lactose among 95 carbon sources are utilized by all six isolates.

This study focuses on the investigation of geological, geographical, and topographical features of uninhabited islands in the Buan Coast, located between Byeonsan offshore and Sangwangdeung-ri of Wido-Myeon. The islands contain typical coastal geographical and topographical features such as seastack, tafoni, sea cliff, erosion cave, and notch. Geology of the islands consist mainly of sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks, that indicate the geological history of the islands. This investigation allows the classification of island according to the importance of nature conservation of the islands.

To get more comprehensive understandings about the microbial diversity near the seawater of Ulleung Island, East sea of Korea, the bacterial identification base on 16S rDNA and their carbon source utilization patterns were analysed through the six surface water samples collected at June 23 to 25, 2007. The results are as follows; the population densities of aerobic heterotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria were from 1.9±0.6×104~6.3±0.7 ×104 cfu ml−1 and from 1.7±0.4×103~2.5±0.4×103 cfu ml−1 during sampling periods, respectively. Among 121 isolated stains, the dominant taxa are Pseudoalteromonas spp. (30 colonies) and Alteromonas spp. (17 colonies). Thirty-senven species-level strains base on 16S rDNA sequencing data are identified, which comprised Gammaproteobacteria (14 strains), Alphaproteobacteria (6 strains), Flavobacteria (6 strains), Actinobacteridae (4 strains), Firmicutes (4 strains), Deinococci (2 strains), Betaproteobacteria (1 strains). The carbon utilization patterns by assay of Biolog-microplate, α-D-glucose are used by 88.9% of the 27 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and more than 80% of them also consumed L-arabinose, D-trehalose, L-alanine, and pyruvic acid methyl ester. On the other hand, all the 10 strains of Gram-positive bacteria used α-D-glucose, and more than 80% of them also exploited maltose, palatinose, D-trehalose, turanose, D-xylose, and pyruvic acid.

Due to internal feeding behavior, the oriental tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée), infesting hot pepper has been regarded to be effectively controlled by targeting egg and neonate larval stages just before entering the fruits. This study aimed to develop an efficient biological control method focusing on these susceptible stages of H. assulta. An egg parasitoid wasp, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, was confirmed to parasitize the eggs of H. assulta. A mixture of Gram-positive soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and Gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila ANU101, could effectively kill neonate larvae of H. assulta. A sex pheromone trap monitored the occurrence of field H. assulta adults. The microbial insecticide mixture was proved to give no detrimental effects on immature development and adult survival of the wasp by both feeding and contact toxicity tests. A combined treatment of egg parasitoid and microbial pesticide was applied to hot pepper fields infested by H. assulta. The mixture treatment of both biological control agents significantly decreased the fruit damage, which was comparable to the chemical insecticide treatment, though either single biological control agent did not show any significant control efficacy. This study also provides morphological and genetic characters of T. evanescens.

Samples were taken from the surface waters around Dokdo Island to measure the physico-chemical and microbiological water qualities from June 23 to 26, 2007. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were in the range of 20.7~20.9oC and 7.01~7.74, respectively. Salinity and pH were in the range of 34.5~34.8‰ and 8.23~8.37, respectively. Population densities of aerobic oligotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria by plate counting method were in the range of 2.4±0.5×103~3.0±0.3×103 and 4.4±0.6×103~6.0±0.9×103 cfu ml−1, respectively. Among thirty-seven isolates isolated from surface waters around Dokdo island by using 16S rDNA analysis, dominant species were closely related to Actionobacteria (7 clones), α-proteobacteria group (6 clones), and γ-proteobacteria group (4 clones).

Soil texture, pH, organic carbon, organic matter, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical speciation were studied on the soil samples from Dok-do, Korea. Dok-do soil was composed mostly of silt, and textures were silt and silt loam. Soil pH was normally neutral but in some areas, acidic and very high content of organic matter. High content of organic matter explained the origin of Dok-do soil was related to the vegetation of the island. C/N ratio of the soil organic matter 15 meant the organic matter in the soil had moderately degraded plant debris. The most important chemical speciation of soil phosphorus in Dok-do was Residual P, meant the source of soil phosphorus was plant, and high ratio of Apatite P was considered to relate to the feces of water bird of the area.

본 연구는 경상남도 사천시 삼천포 항을 중심으로 인근의 40개의 조사정점을 선정하여 해수와 저질토에서 해양종속영양세균, E. coli, 그리고 Salmonella와 Shigella의 분포를 2003년 7월부터 12월가지 3차에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 본 연구의 조사기간(2003년 7~12월)중 삼천포만 인근해역의 조사정점에서 해양 종속영양세균의 분포는 1.7±0.9×103~2.4±0.9×105

Numerical analysis was conducted to characterize particle deposition on a heated rotating semiconductor wafer with respect to wafer diameter. The particle transport mechanisms considered in this study were convection, Brownian diffusion, gravitational settling, and thermophoresis. The averaged particle deposition velocities and their radial distributions on the upper surface of the wafer were calculated from the particle concentration equation in an Eulerian frame of reference at rotating speeds of 0 and 1000 rpm, wafer diameters of 100, 300 mm and wafer heating of =0 and 5K. It was observed from the numerical results that the averaged deposition velocities on the upper surface increase, when the wafer diameter confirms increase. The comparison of the present numerical results with the available experimental results showed relatively good agreement between different studies.

The direct detection of intestinal pathogens and viruses often requires costly, tedious, and time-consuming procedures. These requirements developed a test to show that the water was contaminated with sewage-borne pathogens by assessing the hygienic quali

실험실에서 형질전환될 수 있는 세균들은 자연환경 조건에서도 형질전환 능력이 발달하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 환경 내에서 형질전환 능력이 있는 세균의 존재는 확실한 것으로 여겨진다. DNA는 무기물에 부착된 상태에서는 핵산분해효소에 의한 분해로부터 보호되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 비록 DNA가 토양 속에 분산되어져 일정 비율로 가수분해되더라도, 수 주일 후에도 낮은 비율로 감지될 수 있다. 따라서 free DNA는 자연적 형질전환을 할 수 있을 만큼

1997년 11월부터 1998년 6월까지 총 4회에 걸쳐 군산인근 해역을 대상으로 Vibrio 속의 분포와 특성을 조사하였고, 분리동정된 Vibrio 속 3종(V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus, V, metschnikovii)을 대상으로 해수에서 수온 변화에 따른 생존을 관찰하였다. 조사 기간 중 총 해양 종속영양 세균의 분포는 평판도말법으로는 1.2±0.6×103~2.0±1.5×104

총채벌레류의 유력천적인 Orius strigicollis의 연중 실내사육에 적합한 대체먹이를 선발하고자 먹이 곤충으로 목화진딧물, 점박이응애, 긴털가루응애를 각각 급여하여 O. strigicollis의 발육과 산란수를 , RH60-80%, 16L:8D 조건에서 조사하였다. 약충기간 중 생존율과 발육기간은 목화진딧물 급여시 81.6%와 11.6일, 점박이응애 급여시 56.7%와 14.6일, 긴털가루응애 급여시 42.3%와 16.5일 이었으며, 성충기간 중 총산란수는 목화진딧물 급여시 68.5개, 점박이응애 급여시 46.1개, 긴털가루응애 급여시 26.5개로 3종의 먹이곤충 중 목화진딧물 급여가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.