The FTA card is a quick and easy method to preserve DNA from plant tissues. Its applicability has only been tested in some economically important plants and in research model plants such as rice, potato, tomato, and Arabidopsis. Therefore, DNA preservation with FTA cards in various tracheophytes (196 taxa) was tested in this study based on PCR using DNA barcoding primers. The results indicated that DNAs were successfully preserved with FTA cards in 76.74% of the tested samples and each taxon showed a different preservation rate. Especially, most families in monocots showed high preservation rates (100%) while Asteraceae showed low preservation rate (28.57%) compared to other families. Stored FTA cards were tested again after five years under the same experimental conditions as the previous test. The results showed that DNA was preserved in 54.26% of the samples, indicating that 29.9% of DNA-preserved samples are degraded after five years. However, Araceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Brassicaceae, Araliaceae, and Asteraceae samples, of which DNA preservation was confirmed five years earlier showed a 100% preservation rate. This study suggests that the FTA card is a useful tool for DNA preservation in various plant taxa, of which preservation is confirmed in this study (or closely related taxa) and is applicable in the field of population genetics, phylogeny, identifications, inspections, etc.

Geological and geomorphological studies were conducted on 50 uninhabited islands around Daeheuksando and Hongdo. The geomorphological investigation showed the geographical features along coast line for each uninhabited island. Geological relation between two great island - Daeheuksando and Hongdo - was analyzed using geological features such as fault, bedding, fracture and unconformity examined throughout the study area.

The study was carried out to know the occurrence of the chilli trips of two varieties from three grape farm in Kyeongsangbukdo province, Korea. During the grape fruiting season, this work surveyed at intervals of about fifteen days from Jun to September, 2015 by using the yellow sticky trap. The peak occurrence time of chilli thrip at Hwaseo-myeon was in September and was August at Modong-myeon. The Gyeongsan site was almost more three times high occurrence density than that of Hwaseo-myeon and Modong-myeon of Sangju area. According to the variety and locality, occurrence time and density were different hightly.

The purpose of this study is to construct the basic data for establishing the forest ecosystem and environment by studying the flora distributed in Mt. Paljae, Chungcheongnam-do. The number of flora were summarized as 292 taxa including 88 families, 214 genera, 258 species, 2 subspecies, 27 varieties and 5 forms. The rare plant was Melothria japonica. The Korean endemic plants were 3 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Philadelphus schrenkii and Paulownia coreana. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Betula davurica, Salix chaenomeloides, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Hosta capitata and so forth. The naturalized plants were 34 taxa including Fallopica dumetorum, Rumex obtusifolius, Ailanthus altissima, Festuca arundinacea and so forth. Most of the plants commonly originated from North America. The 5 naturalized degree that was widely distributed and had many individual was the most common. Until 1921, after the opening of 1 period was the most common in the introduced period. The invasive alien plants were 4 taxa including Rumex acetosella, Solanum carolinense, Aster pilosus and Paspalum distichum var. indutum.

The purpose of this study is to offer the basic data for managing the ecosystem of National Park by surveying and analysing the flora distributed around tombs in Namsan District, Gyeongju National Park. The number of flora were summarized as 184 taxa including 62 families, 137 genera, 153 species, 2 subspecies, 26 varieties and 3 forms. The planting species were 3 taxa including Chamaecyparis obtusa, Juniperus chinensis var. globosa and Thuja occidentalis. The rare plant was Potentilla discolor. The Korean endemic plants were 4 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulosa, Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 4 taxa including Chloranthus japonicus, Wisteria floribunda, Euonymus japonicus and Carpesium macrocephalum. The naturalized plants were 9 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Silene armeria, Robinia pseudoacacia, Bidens pilosa and so forth. The whole NI and UI were 4.9% and 2.8%.

The ecosystem is composed of various elements and maintains the function of the system. The characteristics of each ecosystem type affect the culture of the area, so it is necessary to consider ecocultural characteristics when establishing the policy. This study was conducted to evaluate the value based on the distribution information of eco - cultural resources and to find out how to use it in establishing related policies. The target sites were Gyeongsangbuk - do province, and were evaluated using 7 items of natural ecological characteristics and socio - cultural characteristics. The information used in the evaluation was 13 spatial information such as forest map, ecological and natural map, natural park distribution map, and it was ranked according to the utilization of policies such as tourism resource management and administration, and evaluated by the minimum indicator method. As a result of the evaluation, 336 excellent areas were selected. In the selected area, 6 kinds of endangered species from 1,914 observation, and cultural resources were distributed from 194 sites. Since ecological resources and cultural resources are applied to the same evaluation method and expressed in a single scale, it is considered to be easy to use in administrative plans and policies. Further studies such as comparison of evaluation models and subdivision of grades are necessary.

The buffer green space of Sihwa industrial complex is located on the boundary of residential areas and industrial areas, and this regions have been the ability to mitigate environmental impact of noise, vibration, atmospheric. In this area, the survey of vegetation and bird was conducted to understand the biology structures and function of buffer green space from biology habitats and natural recovery for ecology restoration. The survey was performed four times according to the season. As a result, vegetation were distributed to the most widely Pinus thunbergii community (72.2%) in the whole survey area (approximately 0.32 km2), and grasslands (6.6%), Amorpha fruticosa community (4.1%), Koelreuteria paniculata community (4.0%), Acer buergerianum community (3.9%) in the order of distribution. The characteristics of vegetation distribution were mainly planted Pinus thunbergii in outlying areas, and Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Quercus acutissima were planted in the middle areas. The birds observed in this area were a total of 37 species, 912 individuals, the species of legal protection were observed Falco tinnunculus 1 individuals. The most of birds observed in this area were the resident that can be observed easily in the park and greenland surrounding urban. The waterfowl almost were not observed because of lacking water space. Thus, as providing safe habitats and movement passageway of wildlife, the connection of ecological green areas will be strengthened.

Five species of the genus Glyphodes Guenée (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) are reported for the first time in Laos: Glyphodes actorionalis Walker, G. bivitralis Guenée, G. caesalis Walker, G. extorris Dognin, and G. stolalis Guenée. Illustrations of adults and genitalia, distribution are provided.

Agrometeorological information used in agriculture field depends heavily on productivity in accordance with analysis and forecasting accuracy. In this study, we used necessary weather information for potato crops during the growing season and developed a decision support system to help farmers' management activities. The core of the solution is to utilize the real-time weather data observed in my field. By using application weather information in agricultural field rather than simple weather information transmission, we understood control effect through various pest information services. These ICT (Information & Communication Technologies) solutions in the field of weather-based agriculture provide appropriate intention information for growing crops, thus it is expected that effective control will reduce the risk of insect pests and reduce direct costs of farmers. In addition, it is expected that it will contribute not only to reduce soil pollution but also to safe food production by controlling indiscriminate use of pesticides properly.