While Ardisia crenata Sims. recently has been used increasingly as an ornamental plant, It is endangered in natural forest. The optimum treatments of the various concentrations priming agents to improve seed viability and germination of A. crenata (ornamental plant) were also estimated. Germinability was significantly when the seeds of A. crenata was soaked in PEG solution at 15oC for 4 days, the optimum treatment for improving germination of A. crenata was observed when the tested seeds was soaked in −0.5 MPa of PEG solution in 92%. Overall results would be useful means for propagation and production of A. crenata.

This paper studies on the effects of new biological control system, particularly on banker plants of Orius laevigatus to control Frankliniella occidentalis on rose. Orius banker plants for Frankliniella occidentalis were investigated under the conditions of photoperiod 16L:8D, 70 ± 5% RH and 22 ± 2oC. Three types of plants(Sedum sarmentosum, ortulaca grandiflora, Mentha rotundifolia) were used to effectiveness verification of egg taking. And P. grandiflora has been selected as the banker plants for O. laevigatus. Result from this banker plants clearly demonstrated that the population of F. occidentalis was kept under the economic threshold level (1.9 per flower).

This study aims to compare the floristic status of six paddy fields with different chronosequences after rice crop closure. The study sites are located on the highlands and near an abandoned farm house of Gosanri Wanjumyeon Iksangun, Joeonbuk. All sites are adjacent to each other. We established a line transect along longitudinal and transverse direction within each site. The flora, plant cover and height of plants within 1 m × 1 m quadrat along the transect were recorded. We counted 34 Salix koreensis on 8 year old abandoned paddy field in 2008 and 23 Salix koreensis invaded more in this field until 2010. Typha orientalis, Salix koreensis, Phragmites japonica, Bidens frondosa and Persicaria thunbergii dominated on 13 year old abandoned paddy field. Phragmites japonica, Bidens frondosa and Persicaria thunbergii were recorded on 13 year old abandoned paddy field. Leersia japonica, Persicaria thunbergii and Typha orientalis dominated on 7 year old abandoned paddy field. No trees were discovered on 6 year old abandoned paddy field because of high water depth generated from bad draining. The exchangeable Ca content increased in each site as time goes by. The total mean species number of soil seedbank analysis did not indicate significant differences between study sites. It is suggested that colonization of plants on abandoned paddy field depend upon the condition of drain and soil chemical contents.

Trametes versicolor showed the ability of degrading synthetic dyes such as congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) in solid and liquid culture conditions. The T. versicolor strains isolated in Korea degraded MB more efficiently than CR, differently most of other white mushrooms known to have difficulties in degrading MB than other dyes. Thus the Koren strains of T. versicolor showed the commercial potential to be used for cleaning dye-contaminated region without any patent-related problem. The main enzyme responsible for dye deradation was laccase. The manganese peroxidase (MnP) was also detected and supposed to be involved in the degradation process of synthetic dyes. However, no lignin peroxidase (LiP) was detected from degradation process, indicating LiP is not the enzyme T. versicolor use to degrade CR and MB.

This study was carried out to analyze cone and seed developmental characteristics of the Pinus densiflora community distributed in the entire area of Mt. Gwanggyo in Suwon. As survey areas, the P. densiflora communities of two regions, which are 400 meters and 550 meters in altitudes above the sea level, were selected, and cone collection was conducted 10 times in total from April 12 to October 11, 2012. The result of cone and seed development survey showed that the size and growth rate of cone and seed was larger and faster in individuals of the community situated at an altitude of 400 meters than those at an altitude of 500 meters. The water content of the cone collected from at an altitude of 400 meters on October 11 was 35.9%, which is 38.3% lower than that of the cone at an altitude of 500m, but more rapid decrease in water was found. The number of cone opening days was 7.3 days in the community at an altitude of 400 meters, and 8.1 days at an altitude of 500 meters, showing that of the cone at an altitude of 400 meters is shorter. The seed separation from the cone showed the same pattern as in the reduction rate from the water content of the inner cone. The number of seeds in the cone and percentage of sound seeds was also greater and higher in th cone at an altitude of 400 meters than that at an altitude of 500 meters. Meanwhile, the maturation of the embryo, a part of seed of the cone between the two communities was observed to be similar to each other. The external size of the seed has hardly changed since July 10th, but the embryo inside the seed was found to be mature until August 7th.

To develope seaweed transplantation method to reduce grazing pressure by Anthocidaris crassispina, seaweed biomass and number of sea urchin were examined after 2 days from Ecklonia cava transplantation by four ways (three floating rope methods and seaweed transplantation block method). Three floating rope methods were different in the seaweed rope connection to fixation block rope; direct connection, polypropylene rope connection, and stainless wire connection. About twenty sea urchins were found on the seaweed cultivation rope connected directly to fixation block rope and on transplantation block. However no sea urchin was found for 2 days on the seaweed cultivation ropes connected by stainless wire and polypropylene rope. After 2 days from seaweed transplantation, biomass of E. cava was maximal with 992.61 ± 78 g m-1 in wet weight on stainless wire connection method and minimal in seaweed transplantation block method with 121.85 ± 71.67 g m-1. Before transplanting 42 Ecklonia cava plants were on one meter of cultivation rope and 41 plants on the cultivation rope connected with stainless wire to fixation block but five plants were remained on the transplantation block after 2 days. In conclusion, the best transplantation method of E. cava in this study to reduce grazing pressure of sea urchin was a floating rope method connected stainless wire to fixation block.

A total of 48 host plants of 12 species of leaf-rolling weevils form 5 provinces in Korea are recongnized by results of field observation of long period and breeding of cradles in the laboratory from April 2006 to September 2010. Of them 1 species are added the host plants for the first time in Korea.

There are 3,358 islands in Korea and about 85% of them are uninhabited islands. Concerning this, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM) has been seeking not only to settle the fundamental policy on the preservation, the utilization, and the development of the uninhabited islands but also to search the proper types of management suitable for the specialities by inhabited islands. Accordingly, we participated the humanities and sociological research from May 2012 to January 2013 by MLTM intended for 171 uninhabited islands belonging to Mokpo City, Yeosu City, Jindo-Gun, and Shinan-Gun for the purpose of the effective management and utilization of the uninhabited islands. In this treatise, we report the result of the humanities and sociological research about twenty six uninhabited islands nearby Hong-do island.

The aim this study is to establish the floristic composition of vascular plants of Mt. Gwangdeok. The survey was performed 12 times from May to November in 2007 and April to November in 2011. Vascular plants observed were 539 taxa containing 100 families, 317 genera, 467 species, 6 subspecies, 60 varieties and 6 formae. Among the investigated plants, 17 taxa (3.1%) were Korean endemic. The rare plants designated by the Korea Forestry Service in this region were 20 taxa. The floristically and geographically important plants were 90 taxa: grade I, II, III, IV, and V species were 29, 25, 21, 11, and 4 taxa, respectively. 32 taxa (9.9%) were found in this region and it is relevant to 5.9% of the total taxa number of this region.