Landscape and natural monuments protection policy in North Korea is rarely understood because of lack of information in scientific and legislative fields. Legislative system is very important to protect landscape and natural monuments, which are described at “Landscape and natural monuments protection law (LNMPL)” in North Korea. Cabinet of North Korea has authorities to lead the Central Agency for Landscape and Natural Monuments Protection (CALNMP). Designation and managements of landscape and natural monuments are regarded as CALNMP’s and local governments’ responsibilities. There are many differences between South and North Koreas’ landscape and natural monuments protection system. Especially legislation system has profound differences in its legal structure. North Korea’s Labor Party is superior to the Cabinet and Labor Party’s administrative order has at least the same authority to regulate and manage the national policy and means. With LNMPL, CALNMP organizes the national plan for landscape and natural monuments protection and regulate the activities of the Agencies for landscape and natural monuments protection in the aspects of action plan for each administrative agency, budget and other resources. For the reunification in the future and economic cooperation, legislative and administrative system of landscape and natural monuments protection in North Korea should be understood.

In order to use as a new functional food material, we analyzed the chemical components including the organic compounds, minerals and vitamin C of canola honey which were produced in South Korea. The condensed rate of methanol extraction in honey was 90.5% and main organic compounds that extract by organic solvents in GC-MS analysis were propyl carbinol, cyclopentane, trichloromethane, vinegar naphtha and so on. Also, main aromatic compounds that extract by organic solvents in SPME analysis were diisooctyl adipate, furole, furaldehyde, cyclotetrasiloxane, trisulfide and many more. As proximate composition, crude ash content was lower than acacia honey (0.06%) and manuka honey (0.24%) by 0.01%, and crude protein was higher than acacia honey (0.10%) by 0.23%, but the crude fat of canola and manuka honey was lower content than acacia honey (0.44%) by 0.10%. Free sugar that analyze by HPLC consisted of fructose 44.11%, glucose 22.72%, and total sugars was 66.83%. Minerals by ICP analysis were detected total 15 kinds, Na 7.157 ppm>Ca 5.934 ppm>Si 4.049 ppm>K 1.443 ppm>Mg 1.218 ppm etc. Vitamin C was not detected.

In order to use as a new functional food material, we analyzed the chemical components including the organic compounds, minerals and Vitamin C of sorbus and acacia honey which were produced in South Korea. The condensed rate of methanol extraction in honey was 77% of sorbus honey and it was 93.06% of acacia honey. In the case of sorbus honey, main organic compounds that extract by organic solvents in GC-MS analysis were trichloromethane, propylcarbinol, cyclopentane, acetoxyethane, tetrasol, aziridine etc. and main aromatic compounds that extract by organic solvents in SPME analysis were Skelly solve, Benzaldehyde, Hyacinthin, Dodecanal, Lauraldehyde etc. Also, in occasion of acacia honey, main organic compounds were trichloromethan, Acetoxyethane, Hexanaphthene, acetidin etc. and main aromatic compounds were Hydrazomethan, Azulene, Cyclotrisiloxane, Hydrazine etc. Proximate composition was crude protein 0.54%, crude fat 0.44%, crude ash 0.25% in sorbus honey and crude protein 0.10%, crude fat 0.29%, crude ash 0.06% in acacia honey. Free sugar that analyze by HPLC was fructose 26.81%, glucose 20.42%, total sugars 47.23% in sorbus honey and fructose 48.52%, glucose 24.29%, total sugars 72.81% in acacia honey. Vitamin C was not detected in two sample honeys. Minerals by ICP analysis were detected total 18 kinds in sorbus honey, K 11.715 ppm>Na 7.857 ppm>Si 4.407 ppm>Ca 3.673 ppm etc. and total 22 kinds in acacia honey, Na 4.527 ppm>Si 3.420 ppm>K 3.091 ppm>Zn 1.482 ppm etc.

Ozone precursor emissions and meteorological conditions have large impact on ozone concentrations. In this research, Data referring to an approximately 14-year period (1996~ 2009) are analyzed in order to estimate the trend of the daily maximum hourly value of ozone concentration at national capital region. A Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter is applied to remove the short-term component from the raw time series of ozone and meteorological variables. Meteorological effects are removed from filtered ozone series using multiple linear regression based on meteorological variables. The results show significant differences in local ozone concentrations. Especially, Ulsan area shows continuously increasing trend in ozone concentrations.

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for conserving the biodiversity by objective surveying and analysing the flora distributed in ecological and landscape conservation area, Mt. Kwanak. The flora of this site were summarized as 228 taxa including 72 families, 154 genera, 197 species, 3 subspecies, 21 varieties and 7 forms. The rare plant was Viola albida. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulosa, Forsythia koreana, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis and Hosta minor. The specific plants by floristic region were 11 taxa including Wisteria florinunda, Viola orientalis, Weigela florida, Buxus koreana and so forth. Especially, Buxus koreana is the reason for selection of ecological and landscape conservation area. The naturalized plants were 14 taxa including Chenopodium album, Malva neglecta, Physalis angulata, Erigeron annuus and so forth. The invasive alien plants were Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Aster pilosus.

We were conducted to know the community structure the insect fauna of the Cheonggyecheon, the urban natural restored stream. From 2007 to 2010, we were surveyed 18 times at 4 collecting sites, day and night. A total of 352 species of 99 families belonging to 11 orders were identified from 4,433 individuals collected terrestrial insects. Among them, 113 species, 52 families, 9 orders were collected in night time. Grouping by order, these 3 orders, Hemiptera (70 species in 20 families), Lepidoptera (69 species in 19 families) and Coleoptera (67 species in 17 families) were recorded high species number rather than the other orders. A yearly species number are as follows: 137 species, 57 families belonging to 10 orders were recorded in 2007; 162 species, 56 families belonging to 8 orders were recorded in 2008; 159 species, 61 families belonging to 9 orders were recorded in 2009; 166 species, 71 families belonging to 10 orders were recorded in 2010. The species number of lower stream (170 species, 53 families belonging to 8 orders from St.3 and 208 species, 67 families belonging 10 orders from St.4) was higher than that of upper stream (94 species, 47 families belonging to 8 orders from St.1 and 110 species, 48 families belonging 9 orders from St.2). The results of this study showed that diversity of the insect species in Cheonggyecheon have been keeping stable condition since 2008 after 3 years from the Cheonggyecheon restored. Accordingly, Cheonggyecheon is important habitat for terrestrial insects living in an urban environment which has severe ecological disturbances.

This study was conducted to elucidate the occurrence area and the density of mosquito larvae in Eunpyeong Newtown, Seoul, Korea. Sampling of mosquito larvae was carried out 2 times using a dipping method at 130 points in august, 2014. A total of 1977.6 individuals were collected. Aedini larvae such as Stegomyia albopicta (Skuse) (=Aedes albopictus) or Hulecoeteomyia koreica (Edwards) (=Oclerotatus koreicus) were the most frequently collected than Culex spp. and the Anopheles spp. Mosquito larvae were surveyed in the street inlet (a rain drip box). The positive correlation of the larval density was found with the street inlet point with leaf mold and the depth of water. In the result of spatial statistics analysis, all points larvae collected were clustered and the tendency of spatial autocorrelation was apparent, but points over 20 individuals were dispersed. This result can be assumed that the mosquito larvae are able to occur to stagnant water in all places of this area. To control to mosquito occurrence, we think integrated methods are needed such as biological, ecological, chemical, physical control methods in various aspects.