Landscape and natural monuments protection policy in North Korea is rarely understood because of lack of information in scientific and legislative fields. Legislative system is very important to protect landscape and natural monuments, which are described at “Landscape and natural monuments protection law (LNMPL)” in North Korea. Cabinet of North Korea has authorities to lead the Central Agency for Landscape and Natural Monuments Protection (CALNMP). Designation and managements of landscape and natural monuments are regarded as CALNMP’s and local governments’ responsibilities. There are many differences between South and North Koreas’ landscape and natural monuments protection system. Especially legislation system has profound differences in its legal structure. North Korea’s Labor Party is superior to the Cabinet and Labor Party’s administrative order has at least the same authority to regulate and manage the national policy and means. With LNMPL, CALNMP organizes the national plan for landscape and natural monuments protection and regulate the activities of the Agencies for landscape and natural monuments protection in the aspects of action plan for each administrative agency, budget and other resources. For the reunification in the future and economic cooperation, legislative and administrative system of landscape and natural monuments protection in North Korea should be understood.

본 연구에서는 북한의 「바다오염방지법」에 대해 법적․경제적 함의에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 북한의 관련법령과 우리 나라의 법률, 제한적인 정보와 기존 연구문헌을 통해 비교분석하였다. 「바다오염방지법」은 북한의 해양환경관련법령 중에서 기본법의 성격을 가지고 있다. 그러나 남한의 관계 법률과 달리, 「바다오염방지법」은 환경권이나 행복권 추구라는 민주시민의 기본권리 보장보다는 해양오염방지를 통한 자원의 확보를 강조하고 있다. 또한 각급 국토환경보호기관(관련기관, 기업체, 단체 포함)의 실질적인 정책시행 등에 대한 제반규정이 적다. 북한의 법령체계의 특수성을 고려한다고 하더라도, 실행체계에 대한 미비로 인해 법의 실효성에 문제가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이 법의 경제효과분석을 위해서는 자료축적이 필요하다. 향후 통일을 대비한 남북한의 법령제도통합을 위해서는 비교적 이념중립적인 환경관련법령을 통한 접근이 중요하다.

This study focused on the ultimate behaviors(ultimate strength and fracture mode ) of single shear bolted connection with austenitic sainless steel(STS201) and curling effect on the ultimate strength using finite element analysis based on test results. Main variables are end distance in the parallel direction to loading and edge distance in the perpendicular direction to loading. The validation of finite element analysis procedures was verified through the comparisons of ultimate strength, fracture mode and curling(out-of-plane deformation) occurrence between test results and numerical predictions. Curling was observed in both test and analysis results and it reduced the ultimate strength of single- shear bolted connections with relatively long end distances. Strength reduction ratios caused by curling were estimated quantitatively by maximum 19%, 32%, respectively for specimens with edge distance, 48 mm and 60 mm compared with strengths of uncurled connections with restrained out-of-plane deformation. Finally, analysis strengths were compared with current design strengths and it is found that design block shear equations did not provide the accurate predictions for bolted connections with strength reduction by curling.

This study focused on the ultimate strength and curling effect on the strength of single shear bolted connection with austenitic sainless steel (STS201) using finite element analysis. The validation of finite element analysis was verified through the comparisons of ultimate strength and fracture mode between existing test results and numerical predictions. Curling (out-of-plane deformation) was observed in both test and analysis and it reduced the ultimate strength of single shear bolted connections with relatively long end distances. Strength reduction ratio caused by curling was estimated quantitatively by maximum 19%, 32%, respectively for specimens with edge distance, 48mm and 60mm compared with strengths of uncurled connections with restrained out-of-plane deformation.

Natural environmental protection system in North Korea is rarely understood mainly because of lack of information in scientific and legislative fields. Legislation is very important to achieve goal for protected areas, which are described in "Natural Protected Area Law(NPAL)". Cabinet of North Korea has authorities to lead the Central Agency for Land and Environment Conservation(CALEC). Designation and managements of natural protected areas are regarded as CALEC and local governments responsibilities. There are many differences between South and North Korea. Especially legislation system has many differences. North Korea's Labor Party is superior to the Government and Labor Party's order has at least the same authority to regulate and manage the national policy and means. With NPAL, CALEC organizes the national plan for natural protected area and regulate the activities of the Agencies for Land and Environment Conservation in the aspects of action plan, budget and other resources. For the reunification in the future, legislation system of North Korea should be understood.