A new oak mushroom cultivar Lentinula edodes ‘Eomjisong’ (LE23734), was developed by crossing the dikaryotic and monokaryotic strains of ‘KME36298’ and ‘KME36288-1’, respectively. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of ‘Eomjisong’ on potato dextrose agar was 23–27°C, and was 15–20°C for fruiting body development. The cultivation period of ‘Eomjisong’ was 131 days, which was 3 days shorter than that of the control cultivar ‘Hanacham’. Morphologically, ‘Eomjisong’ showed stipe length and thickness similar to those of ‘Hanacham’, however, the pileus was larger and thicker. Furthermore, the pileus of ‘Eomjisong’ exhibited higher brightness than that of ‘Hanacham’. Productivity tests showed that the total yield of ‘Eomjisong’ reached 555 g, which was approximately 25.6% higher than that of ‘Hanacham’ (442 g). These findings indicate that ‘Eomjisong’ is a promising cultivar with enhanced productivity and morphological advantages over ‘Hanacham’, suggesting its potential for commercial cultivation.

총담관 결석은 담낭 결석 환자의 약 10-20%에서 동반되며 폐쇄성 황달, 급성 담관염, 급성 췌장염과 같은 심각한 합병증을 초래할 수 있다. 본 종설은 담낭 절제술이 예정된 환자에서 총담관 결석의 진단과 치료 전략을 종합적으로 고찰하였다. 진단은 병력청취, 혈액 검사, 복부 초음파, 내시경 초음파, 자기공명담췌관조영술 등을 활용해 이루어지며 정확한 진단은 적절한 치료 방침 결정에 필수적이다. 치료 전략은 복강경 담낭절제술과 총담관 탐색을 동시에 시행하는 1단계 접근법과 내시경역행담췌관조영술로 결석을 제거한 후 담낭 절제술을 시행하는 2단계 접근법으로 구분된다. 국내에서는 내시경역행 담췌관조영술 기술의 표준화와 숙련된 내시경 전문의가 갖추어져 있어 2단계 접근법이 주로 선호된다. 총담관 결석 치료는 환자의 상태, 병변 특성, 병원 자원에 따라 치료 방침을 조율해야 하며 내과와 외과의 긴밀한 협력이 중요하다. 향후 이를 뒷받침할 대규모 다기관 연구가 필요하다.

제3형 자가면역성 췌장염은 면역관문억제제 치료와 관련된 새로운 형태의 췌장염으로 CD8+ T세포 중심의 면역 반응이 병태생리의 핵심이다. 환자의 약 2/3는 무증상이지만 일부는 상복부 통증 등 전형적인 증상을 보이며 진단은 면역관문 억제제 치료력, 효소 상승, 영상 소견 및 다른 원인의 배제로 이루어진다. 치료는 증상과 중증도에 따라 보존적 치료부터 스테로이드까지 다양하나 스테로이드의 장기 효과는 불확실하다. 1년 이내 췌장 위축이 절반 이상에서 발생하며 내분비·외분비 기능 저하로 이어질 수 있다.

Springtails (class Collembola) play a crucial role in soil ecosystems. They are commonly used as standard species in soil toxicity assessments. According to the ISO 11267 guidelines established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Allonychiurus kimi uses adult survival and juvenile production as toxicity assessment endpoint. Conventional toxicity assessment methods require manually counting adults and larvae under a microscope after experiments, which is time-consuming and laborintensive. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a model using YOLOv8 to detect and count both adults and juveniles of A. kimi. An AI model was trained using a training dataset and evaluated using a validation dataset. Both training and validation datasets used for AI model were created by picturing plate images that included adults and larvae. Statistical comparison of validation dataset showed no significant difference between manual and automatic counts. Additionally, the model achieved high accuracies (Precision=1.0, Recall=0.95 for adults; Precision=0.95, Recall=0.83 for juveniles). This indicates that the model can successfully detect objects. Additionally, the system can automatically measure body areas of individuals, enabling more detailed assessments related to growth and development. Therefore, this study establishes that AI-based counting methods in toxicity assessments with offer high levels of accuracy and efficiency can effectively replace traditional manual counting methods. This method significantly enhances the efficiency of large-scale toxicity evaluations while reducing researcher workload.

This study presents the implementation of a direct power control (DPC) system based on virtual flux for an eco-friendly ship utilizing a low voltage DC distribution within a Simulink environment. The proposed system regulates the DC bus voltage and the instantaneous power of the generator. The electrical load of the generator is classified into three levels (low, medium, and high) and subjected to ±10% variations. Under these conditions, the characteristics of the DC bus voltage and current, instantaneous active and reactive power as well as the voltage and current of the generator, are thoroughly analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the DC bus voltage and instantaneous active and reactive power remain stable and well-regulated at their set-points despite load fluctuations. Furthermore, the voltage and current of the generator, consistently maintain sinusoidal waveforms and remain in phase. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed virtual flux-based direct power control strategy, demonstrating its suitability for DC distribution applications in maritime vessels.

본 논문은 선박·항만안전과 운항(영)의 효율성 확보를 위해 도입된 강제도선의 법적 문제점을 검토하고, 관공선 운항 사례를 중심으로 그 적용상의 불합리성과 형평성 문제를 분석하였다. 해군 및 해양경찰 함정의 경우, 별도의 군 도선사 제도와 자력도선을 통해 묵시적으로 강제도선 적용을 배제하고 있으나, 이는 법령상의 명확한 근거 없이 행정해석에 의존하는 문제를 야기하여 법률유보원칙과 예측가능성에 저촉되는 것으로 보인다. 또한, 관공선 중 실습선만 유일하게 동일한 공익 목적에도 불구하고 차별적 규제가 적용되어 자의 금지원칙 및 평등 원칙에 저촉됨을 확인하였다. 이에, 본 연구는 강제도선 적용 대상 및 예외 규정을 명확히 하고, 운항목적·안전성 평가· 승무원의 숙련도 등을 종합적으로 고려한 세부기준 마련의 필요성을 제시하며, 실습선의 경우 도선구 내 항로 사용을 한정한 자력도선 허용 방안과 이외 관공선은 강제도선 면제에 관한 법적 근거를 마련하는 것을 입법적 개선안으로 제안하였다. 추가로 실습선의 경우 향 후 사고 없이 항만 내에서 선박운항을 수행한다면 다른 관공선과 함께 전면적인 강제도선 면제방안을 제시하는 것도 법리적으로 혹은 비 교법적으로도 무리는 없어 보임으로 추가적인 개정안을 제안하였다.

This study aims to collect and analyze Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)-related research in Korean language education to identify emerging trends. It examines 28 academic articles published in Korea from 2020 to 2024, using text mining and language network analysis methods. Term Frequency (TF) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analyses revealed that studies on curriculum design and application in Korean language education appeared with high frequency. Semantic network analysis identified key research directions, such as comparing proficiency level systems in Korean curricula, proposing “mediation” activities based on CEFR, and evaluating CEFR as an assessment tool. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling categorized the studies into three groups: (1) research directly analyzing CEFR, (2) research applying CEFR to overseas Korean language curriculum design, and (3) research comparing existing Korean curricula with CEFR. This study is significant as the first to analyze CEFR-related research trends in Korean language education. By employing objective data analysis tools such as text mining, it enhances the reliability of findings and provides valuable insights into recent research trends.

This study investigated the antidiabetic activity of Salvia plebeia 70% ethanol extract (SPEE) and S. plebeia water extract (SPWE). The effects of SPEE and SPWE on adipogenesis were evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O staining showed that SPEE inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Both SPEE and SPWE were analyzed for their total polyphenol contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and α-glucosidase inhibition. SPEE exhibited significantly higher TPC and DPPH radical-scavenging activities than SPWE. Next, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed to assess the potential hypoglycemic effects of SPEE in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. Blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice decreased 30 min after treatment with SPEE (300 mg/kg) and SPWE (300 mg/kg). Therefore, this study provides a basis for further investigations into the clinical applications of SPEE as a preventative agent against diabetes.

Fishways, particularly installed at the estuary, have a purpose to encourage fluent migration for migratory fishes, as well as amphidromous and even freshwater species. Not choosing the laborious traditional method of using traps, we assessed the efficiency of the two fishways installed at the west and east barrage of the Nakdong River estuarine barrage respectively, by analyzing the videos recorded through automatic monitoring system. We randomly selected 30 videos monthly at each fishways and identified what kind of fishes were using the fishways and categorised their behaviour such as size, time and whether they passed the monitoring system or not. As a result, a total 8 families 14 species were recorded by monitoring system, with the most dominance of Erythroculter erythropterus (Relative Abundance: 59.5%), followed by Micropterus salmoides (R.A: 19.9%) and Mugil cephalus (R.A: 9.9%). The monitoring system can capture passing fishes during night but the number of appearances of fish species at each hour of a day indicated significant diurnal activities (p<0.05). When fishes pass the monitoring system, approximately 70% of them passed through the monitoring device, while 17% of them showed fallback movement. Our finding indicates that species-specific characteristics of each fish are well represented through video monitoring method. In order to maximise advantages of using video monitoring, it is necessary to consider the installation point properly so that the monitoring system does not interfere with the movement of fish. Also, the utilisation of AI technology in the future is also necessary.