In modern society, buildings are becoming more complex, and the population is becoming more densely populated. Such large buildings require a variety of evacuation measures, as there is a high possibility of large-scale human casualties due to increased evacuation distance and evacuation time in the event of a fire. Strobe light and exit sign light are used as important evacuation equipment to provide early warning and evacuation directions. In this thesis, we conducted a fire simulation assuming that a fire occurrence point notification function and a strobe light function were added to equipment such as visual alarms and evacuation guidance, and compared and analyzed the difference in evacuation completion time with existing equipment. The scenarios for the simulation were divided into “general fire situations” and “fire location and evacuation exit guidance situation” and the differences in evacuation completion time in the event of a fire were compared and analyzed for each floor from the 1st floor to the 3rd floor. The maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a fire on the first floor decreased by 80.6 m and the evacuation completion time decreased by 329.4 seconds, and the maximum travel distance to complete evacuation in the case of a second-floor fire decreased by 28.5 m and the evacuation completion time by 438.8 seconds. During the fire on the third floor, the maximum distance decreased until evacuation was completed to 3.4 m, and the evacuation completion time was reduced by 355.6 seconds. It is expected that if the congestion level of evacuation routes is reduced by utilizing the congestion level of evacuation exits when fire alarm systems and evacuation equipment are activated, the evacuation completion time will be further shortened and evacuations will be carried out quickly and safely.
낫또(natto)는 일본의 전통 콩 발효식품으로 혈전용해, 면역증강, 항고혈압, 항비만, 항균, 항산화, 항당뇨등의 다양한 효과를 가지고 있어 소비가 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 낫또용으로 이용되는 콩 품종의 성숙 종실에는 소화 불량, 알러지 유발 및 가공 적성을 저하시키는 P34, lectin, Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI), 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질과 같은 항영양성분도 포함되어져 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 이러한 성분에 대하여 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가지면서 종자 크기가 중소립이고 노란색 종피와 제색이 노란 또는 옅은 갈색을 가진 낫또용 콩 계통을 육성하기 위하여 진행되었다. 64 및 22C1 모본과의 교배를 통하여 제색이 노란 및 옅은 갈색이면서 종자 크기가 소립인 81개의 F2 종자가 선발되었고 그 중에서, P34 단백질 함량이 매우 낮은 18개의 F2 종자가 선발되었다. 18개의 F2 종자로부터 초형, 성숙기, 종피색, 제색 및 백립중이 양호한 2개의 F2 개체(BL1 및 BL2)가 최종 선발되었다. BL1 선발 개체의 성숙기는 중간이었고 종피색은 노란색이며 제색은 연한 갈색을 보였고 백립중은 12.4g으로 소립이었다. BL2 선발 개체는 성숙기가 조생이었고 종피색과 제색은 모두 노란색은 보였으며 백립중은 12.6g으로 소립이었다. 선발된 두 개체는 모두 대표적인 항영양성분인 P34, lectin, KTI, 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질에 대하여 모두 열성인 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 선발 개체는 낫또용 콩 품종으로 육성될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.
무삼투압차 역삼투압(Δπ= 0)은 KAIST H. N. Chang 명예교수가 2013년 발명, 2014년 미국 특허 출원, 2018년 특 허 취득(US 9,950,297) 해수담수화기술. Chang 등의 RO 기술은 삼투압 조정조와 저압 역삼투압의 2 챔버로 구성. Chang 등은 소금물을 비롯한 모든 수용액은 물과 용질(소금)로 완전 분리 가능 주장. 삼투압차 조정조, 저압 역삼투압조 2 챔버로 구성됨. 고농도 용액의 삼투압은 1908년 미국화학회지 출간된 MIT G. N. Lewis식 이용. 두 번째 특허(US 10,953,3367)에서 RO가 10~12 bar 저 삼투압차 수행 가능 증명. 세 번째 특허(Korea 10-2322755, 해외 출원 중) Singularity ZERO 활용하면 기존 RO 에 비해 물은 50% 추가, 막 면적은 1/3, 이론에너지는 1/5, 동일 용량의 S-ZERO 기술은 기존 RO 건설비의 50~60%로 예측됨.
According to the automobile industry has been developing day by day, traffic accidents are increasing and the rear-end collision is the second largest of the entire collision. Due to the high social cost caused by rear-end collision, several studies are in progress at home and abroad. Previous studies have shown that neck injury caused by rear-end collisions can be prevented by seat conditions. In this study, to find the condition that reduces neck injury, change of neck injury in rear-end collision is analyzed according to headrest height, seatback angle, and seatback torque using BioRID II dummy model and passenger behavior analysis program MADYMO. Therefore, it is expected that the condition of each variable to reduce the risk of injury to the neck can be applied to the seat design, which will reduce the injury and the social cost caused by the rear-end collision.
Water resources are the most important resources for all living things on the earth to grow and reproduce, and sustain agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Since 97% of these water resources is a seawater, desalination is a practical choice of many water-poor countries. Currently MSF (multistage flash evaporation) and RO (reverse osmosis) that need 25 kWh and 4kWh per m3 of fresh water although thermal methods need 718kWh and pressure based-RO 1kWh.
This work focuses on how to estimate highest osmotic pressure of many aqueous saturated solutions such as NaCl and fuel ethanol that reaches 343.07 bars of 26.47%, over 5000 bars, respectively. This work shows that Lewis equation (1908) fits within 10% of OLI pressure and the modified estimation of Chang (1983) within 1% accuracy.
Recently, the interest in the development of Oilless bearings, which is a kind of sliding bearing, has been attracting to industry. Oilless bearings are mainly used in areas where fluid lubrication is difficult to apply because of large contact area. The purpose of this study is to develop products with higher load and durability compared to the conventional oilless bearing. For this purpose, the optimal steel sheet was obtained and the porosity evaluation was carried out by evaluating bronze sinterability for various steel sheets. The conclusion obtained is as follows.; It was found that steel plate suitable for bronze powder plate is SPCC CR (Cold Rolled). The average porosity of KAG-23, KAG-23G and PBF-8 specimens was 16.8%, 17.8% and 22.1%, respectively, indicating that the porosity of PBF-8 specimen was the highest. As the number of rolling increases, the surface porosity decreases rapidly.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the concentration of and evaluate the pollution level of indoor air pollutants among the public-use facilities located in Seoul that are mainly used by medically sensitive users. The data used in this study were analyzed based on the supervision data provided by Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and the Environment. There were 399 nursery schools, 188 medical facilities, 42 elderly care facilities and 96 postnatal care centers. The indoor air pollutants to be investigated were analyzed for PM10, CO2, HCHO, TAB and CO. Through the analysis, it was found that among the surveyed pollutants, TAB levels exceeded the criteria most often, in 54 facilities. Among the surveyed facilities, nursery schools exceeded the criteria most often, in 49 facilities. There was a statistically significant difference between the pollutants in each facility (p<05). However, considering the characteristics of the data used in this study, additional factors should be investigated for factors affecting the concentration of each indoor air pollutant for a more rational evaluation.
The object of this paper is to examine the optimum sintering condition which have excellent mechanical properties compared to the conventional oilless bearing. It is shown that the sintering rate is the most excellent at 850°C, especially KAB-23, KAB-23G, PBF-8 specimens. With increasing the nitrogen injection rate, the apparent porosity increased gradually. In contrast, with increasing the hydrogen injection rate, the apparent porosity decreased gradually. It is shown that the apparent porosity is very useful in the range of nitrogen injection rate 2Nm 3 and hydrogen injection rate 10Nm 3 .
현대인들의 건강에 대한 관심이 커짐에 따라 한약재 소비량이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 최근 기후변화와 국내 한약재의 높은 수입 의존도에 따라 유해물질에 대한 오염 위험이 높아지고 있다. 곰팡이독소는 한약재 중 안전성을 평가하는 주요한 항목 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서 498 건의 한약재에 대해 곰팡이독소 모니터링을 진행 하였다. 면역컬럼을 이용해 한약재 중 아플라톡신을 추출 하였으며, 추출한 아플라톡신은 HPLC-FLD 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 직선성, 회수율, LOD 및 LOQ를 통해 본 연구에 이용한 실험법 검증을 실시하였다. 39건에서 평균 7.670 μg/kg의 아플라톡신이 검출되었으며, 0.610~77.452 μg/kg의 검출범위를 보였다. 특히 현호색은 국내 아플라톡신 기준이 없으나, 시험에 사용된 39건 중 5건에서 14.9 ± 4.1 μg/kg의 높은 아플라톡신 농도를 보였다. 즉, 현호색에 대한 기준 설정이 시급히 요구되어지며, 선제적 관리를 위한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료되어진다.
In this study, the distribution of each facility group, the pollution level of local municipalities and the status of self-measurement were investigated and analyzed using data provided by the Ministry of Environment. It was found that most of the workplaces to be managed are facilities of sensitive class, indoor parking lots and largescale stores. The results of the survey on the total pollution level by facility group showed that the rate of contamination was the highest in the facilities where there are many sensitive users, including the subway station and the underground shopping malls. Through self-measurement, in the case of fine particle matter, it was found that it was present in amounts of 51.71 μg/m3, 50.72 μg/m3, 44.47 μg/m3 and 54.44 μg/m3 in medical institutions, day care centers, elderly care facilities and postnatal care centers, respectively. Also, there were facilities exceeding the standard in the medical institutions. However, most of the pollutants in the facilities surveyed by the municipality are higher than the self-measured concentrations, so it is necessary to examine the cause of such pollution.
During the harvest season, drying and storage facilities at Rice Processing Complexes (RPCs) are not enough to manage all the harvested rice, which causes quality deterioration and decomposition. Also, rice export is being limited due to the high cost of long-term storage for shipping. This study was conducted to investigate the germination rate, fat acidity and lipoxygenase activity of brown rice after storage of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months at 25oC and 35oC with 22 Korean and 2 Japanese varieties. Germination rate of rough rice was decreased to 72% after storage of 9 months at 25°C and decreased to 35 and 33% after 3 and 6 months at 25°C, respectively. Fat acidity was increased according to storage periods and increasing level was higher at 35°C than at 25°C. Lipoxygenase activity was decreased according to storage periods and decreasing level was higher at 35°C than at 25°C. Although the protein content was not significantly different according to the storage period at both 25 and 35°C, significant difference existed among cultivars. Amylose content was increased until 6 months at both 25 and 35°C, but decreased after 9 months. Fat acidity and protein content were negatively correlated with amylose content, while amylose content was positively correlated with lipoxygenase activity after 12 months at 25°C. Germination rate was negatively correlated with fat acidity and protein content, while fat acidity was positively correlated with protein content and negatively correlated with amylose content and lipoxygenase activity after 6 months at 35°C. 24 varieties were classified into 3 groups on the basis of germination rate, fat acidity and lipoxygenase activity after 12 months at 25°C and 6 months at 35°C. Group I including 8 varieties of Koshihikari showed higher germination rate, lower fat acidity than Group II including 11 varieties of Nampyeongbyeo.. Honong and Jinbaek. Hopyeongbyeo and Hopum showed higher germination rate, lower fat acidity at 35°C than 25°C, while Hwanggeumnuri showed higher germination rate, lower fat acidity at 25°C than 35°C.
배경/목적: 총담도 결석 혹은 종양으로 인한 담도 폐쇄에서 내시경적 접근이 어려운 경우, 경피경간담도배액술과 동시에 유두부 풍선확장술을 진행한 결과를 후향적으로 분석하여 시술의 안정성 및 간편화에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2012년부터 2015년까지 4년간 단일기관에서 종양 및 담도 결석으로 인한 담도 폐쇄를 진단받고 경피적 접근을 통해 시술한 환자 21명을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 21명 중 16명(76.2%)의 환자에서 경피경간담도배액 술과 동시에 유두부 풍선확장술을 진행하였고, 나머지 5명 (23.8%)은 담도배액술 5-8일 후에 시술을 진행하였다. 21명의 환자 중 19명(90.5%)에서 잔류 결석이나 재협착 없이 한 차례 만의 시술로 성공하였다. 나머지 두 명은 각각 2회, 3회 PBD 시행 후 결석 제거에 성공하였다. 결론: 내시경을 시행하지 못하는 환자들에 대한 경피적 접 근을 통한 시술은 안전하고 효과적이라고 할 수 있으며, 특별 한 금기가 되지 않는 한 경피경간담도배액술과 동시에 시행하 는 유두부 풍선확장술은 환자의 불편 및 시술 횟수를 감소시킬 수 있다.
In this study, FLUENT v.16.1 was used to investigate the compressible flow generated by the supersonic jet spewed from a high pressure tube. As the boundary condition for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis, the inlet temperature of air was constantly 300 K and the variation of JPR (Jet Pressure Ratio) were 5, 50, 100, 150 and the variation of tube diameter were 10, 20, 30 cm. As a result, it was confirmed that the effective range was increased as the JPR was higher, but it was confirmed that the effective range was lower than the JPR rise, and that the effective range was increased as the diameter was larger. Therefore, it is found that the tube diameter is more sensitive than the JPR among the influence factors of jet, and if the result of this study were reflected in the design of high pressure system, it will contribute to the design of the system for preventing the second accident.
본 연구는 서울시내 150개 음식점에서 수거한 계절별 음식 8종류 400건의 나트륨 및 칼륨 함량을 조사하였다. 계절별 음식은 여름철 메뉴 물냉면, 비빔냉면, 가을철 메뉴 떡볶이, 어묵꼬치, 튀김, 겨울철 메뉴 짬뽕, 우동, 해물 칼국수를 포함하였으며, 각 시료의 나트륨과 칼륨 평균함 량 분석결과는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 나트륨 평균함량은 짬뽕 391.4 ± 72.7 mg / 100 g, 튀김 385.1 ± 92.7 mg / 100 g, 떡볶이 373.3 ± 90.6 mg / 100 g, 어묵 꼬치 366.9 ± 81.8 mg / 100 g는 다른 그룹에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 비빔냉면 255.3 ± 67.0 mg / 100 g, 해물칼국수 261.9 ± 57.2 mg / 100 g으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 칼륨 평균함량은 짬뽕 88.6 ± 21.4 mg / 100 g, 비빔냉면 84.8 ± 24.1 mg / 100 g, 떡볶이 81.7 ± 23.7 mg / 100 g으로 다른 그룹에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 물냉면 41.2 ± 10.4 mg / 100 g, 어묵꼬치 39.5 ± 18.4 mg / 100 g, 우동 36.3 ± 17.8 mg / 100 g으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 음식점에서 제공하는 각 메뉴의 1인분 기준으로 나트륨 함량은 짬뽕 3,780.7 ± 878.8 mg, 물냉면 3,463.2 ± 1178.7 mg, 어묵꼬치 2,715.9 ± 1078.3 mg, 해물칼국수 2,671.1 ± 786.5 mg, 우동 2,298.8 ± 592.3 mg으로 WHO에서 정한 1 일 권장 나트륨 섭취량 2,000 mg 보다 높은 결과를 보였다. 조리하는 음식점에 따라서 짬뽕은 많게는 5,768.9 mg 까지 나트륨이 함유되어 있어 나트륨 1일 권장 섭취량보 다 2.9배나 섭취하게 되므로 나트륨 과다 섭취로 인한 건강문제를 야기시킬 수 있다. 나트륨/칼륨 섭취비율에 대해 분석한 결과 어묵꼬치 10.8 ± 4.3, 우동 10.2 ± 4.0, 물냉면 8.6 ± 2.3, 튀김 5.9 ± 1.9 순으로 높게 나타났다. 비빔냉면이 3.2 ± 1.0으로 Na/K 섭취비율이 1에 가까운 비율을 나타냈고, 어묵꼬치의 Na/K 섭취비율이 최고 26.6로 칼륨함량에 비해 나트륨함량이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. Na/K 섭취비율은 바람직한 섭취비 율인 1:1의 1/3이하로 칼륨 섭취가 크게 부족한 것을 알 수 있었다. 칼륨의 섭취량이 증가하면 나트륨 흡수를 감소시킬 수 있으므로 나트륨의 과잉 섭취로 유발되는 고혈 압에 대해 보호 작용을 한다고 알려져 있다. 나트륨 섭취 를 줄이기 위해서 정부의 시책과 더불어 국민건강을 위하여 나트륨 섭취를 줄이고 칼륨 섭취를 증가시킬 수 있는 효과적인 식단 및 나트륨을 비롯한 영양성분표시를 의무화해 소비자들에게 정확한 영양정보를 제공함으로써 올바른 식품의 선택뿐만 아니라 실천할 수 있는 생활습관의 교육 등 Na/K 섭취비율을 높일 수 있는 메뉴 및 방법을 다각적으로 연구할 필요가 있다.
To determine the contents of sodium and potassium in side dishes, 92 samples from 22 different kinds of side dishes that can be classified into 3 groups were collected in Seoul area and analysed using ICP-OES. The highest sodium content was detected in pepper doenjang muchim, while potassium content was the highest in kong jorim. When comparing the content of sodium and potassium in 3 groups, namely namul, muchim, and jorim, the sodium content of namul group was significantly different from those of jorim and muchim (p-value < 0.05). Sodium intake per serving size was the highest in parae muchim among the samples as estimated to 20.2% of WHO recommendation that is 2,000 mg/day. The amount of sodium by simultaneously intake of soybean sprouts namul, anchovy jorim and parae muchim per one serving size was estimated to 1,000 mg. The potassim/sodium ratios of spinach namul and kong jorim were 1.70 and 0.81, respectively, while that of bracken namul was very low as about 0.1. Foodborne pathogens were not detected out of 92 side dishes.
플라스틱 담도스텐트는 주로 양성 혹은 악성 담도 폐쇄시 종종 사용된다. 그러나 스텐트의 폐색은 스텐트 사용으로 인 해 발생하는 가장 큰 단점으로 이로 인해 스텐트의 개존 기간은 약 3개월이며 교체를 요하게 된다. 담도스텐트를 장기간 거치시 스텐트가 오히려 담석 형성의 병소로 작용할 수 있으며 저자들은 4년간 플라스틱 담도스텐트 거치 후 발생 한 stent-stone complex의 증례를 경험하였다. Stent-stone complex는 기계적 쇄석술과 풍선 도관을 사용하여 효과적으로 제거되었으며 모든 이물이 그러하듯이 스텐트도 장기간 거치시 담석 형성의 새로운 병소로 작용할 수 있다는 것을 고려할 필요가 있겠다.