Makgeolli’s fermentation characteristics and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated to examine the effect of Prunus mume extract addition. Makgeolli, with the addition of various levels (0, 1, 3, and 5%) of Prunus mume extract (PME), was brewed with fermenting agents, Ipguk and Nuruk. The alcohol content of all samples remarkably increased during the initial 3 days and then gradually increased up to over 18% by the end of fermentation (7 days for Nuruk and 15 days for Ipguk). Although the alcohol content was slightly reduced and acidity was increased with the concentration of PME, there was no other negative effect of PME on the fermentation of Makgeolli. The contents of total phenols and flavonoids for Ipguk samples were higher than those for Nuruk samples, and these values significantly increased at over 3% PME addition. As the PME content increased, the antioxidant activity increased for both Nuruk and Ipguk samples. Only Makgeolli with Ipguk had vigorous antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus at over 3% addition of PME. These results indicate that PME can be an effective natural additive for enhancing Makgeolli’s antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Consumers prefer high-quality organic agricultural products, but most organic farmers use conventional seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an organic seed production technology for organic vegetable cultivation which will meet international organic standards. In this study, the effects of low temperature treatment and seedling size on flower bud differentiation and planting were investigated for the production of indigenous organic root vegetables seeds, radish, turnip, and beet. Radishes were bolted in large seedlings which were cold treated for 4 weeks after 16 days of transplantation. Turnips were bolted in small seedlings which were cold treated for 2 or 4 weeks after 28 days of transplantation. Beets were bolted in small seedlings which were cold treated for 4 weeks, 23 days after planting. It was found that small size radish seedlings were not affected by the 4 weeks low-temperature treatment, but for turnips and beets, smaller seedlings rapidly bolted as compared to larger seedlings which were treated for 2 or 4 weeks. Based on these results, it could be inferred that it is possible to increase the seed production yield of radish, turnip, and beet as well as predicting the planting time. These findings could be used as basic data to determine the appropriate seedling size and cold-treatment time.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the body type characteristics of tall adult men aged 20 to 69 years to present base material on body dimensions for men’s clothing companies. The research method comprised statistical analysis of 3D measurements after selecting items from the 8th Korean human body size survey related to the torso body types of 495 adult men who were at least 178cm tall. As a result, six factors were extracted, and the total explanatory variable of the entire factor was shown to be 80.499%. As a result of cluster analysis using this as an independent variable, three types were derived: Type 1, “a normal body type with an oval cross-sectional shape” (37.6%), with a larger vertical size and an oval chest cross-sectional shape compared to other types; Type 2: a “cylindrical thick body shape” (31.1%), which is the first stage of BMI obesity, with narrow shoulders and a cylindrical shape with a round cross-section; Type 3, “a body shape with broad shoulders and developed chest parts” (31.3%), with a horizontal size similar to Type 2 above the waist, but similar to Type 1 below. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for a clothing dimension system and clothing development for tall men reflecting the characteristics of the torso.

This study was performed to develop a Kdiet-index based on the definitions and characteristics of traditional Korean food. The Korean Food Pattern Index (Kdiet-index) for diseases was applied using dietary data from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the association between Kdiet-index and metabolic disease was confirmed. The study subjects were 1,971 Korean adults aged >40, and the components were classified according to 14 criteria used to establish the Kdiet-index. Main ingredients up to the top 3 were designated using dish names, ingredients, and contents using KNHANES dietary data. Kdiet-index was classified using scores of ≤3 points, 4-7 points, and ≥8 points and total Kdietindex were calculated by summing dietary scores. Correlations between Kdiet-index and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for obesity were 0.531, 0.385~0.732 and for elevated cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL) indices were 0.471, 0.282~0.788, respectively, which showed a significant decreased in the risk for each disease for Kdiet-index of ≥8 points. This study confirms that metabolically related clinical results improved significantly as Kdiet-index increased and that higher Korean food pattern indices are associated with lower risks of metabolic disease

Various eco-friendly seed disinfection technologies have been developed due to the increase in the global demand for organic food. In order to produce sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural products in Korea, seed disinfection technologies for the production of wholesome seedlings have been researched in diverse ways compared to how they were examined in advanced countries. Both domestically and internationally, the eco-friendly seed disinfection technologies to secure the horticultural crops have been treated by biological or physical methods, such as hot water treatment with ultrasonic disinfection technology, or applying organic agricultural materials like organic acids in plant extracts. However, from a practical perspective, various applied technologies can be implemented in farm fields to disinfect significant agricultural crops, such as lettuce, Chinese cabbage, radish, watermelon, cucumber, paprika, red pepper, ginger, ginseng, and sesame seeds.

우리나라에서 소비자라는 용어가 최초로 사용된 시점을 정확히 파악하기는 어렵지만 과거 신문기사를 통해 1800년대 후반에 이미 사용하였음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 소비자 관련 키워드의 트렌드를 분석하고 자 100년간의 신문기사를 수집하여 텍스트마이닝 분석을 수행하였다. 연대별로 소비자 관련 이슈가 무엇 이었고 어떤 사건과 연관성을 갖는지 실증적으로 탐구하는데 초점을 두었다. 분석 대상은 1920년부터 2019년까지 신문기사에 등장한 소비자 관련 기사 31,085건이며 분석 방법으로는 빈도분석과 네트워크분 석을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 연대별로 최빈 단어 결과에서 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이는 연대별 시대상 황과 그에 따른 소비자 관련 이슈가 연관되어 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 다음으로 연대별 최빈 단어 결과를 바탕으로 소비자 개념의 변화 시기를 구분하였다. 본 연구는 100년이라는 기간 동안의 기사를 대상으로 분석함으로써 소비자 관련 키워드와 우리나라 근현대사의 역사적 사건들과 연관성을 파악하였 다는 데에 의의가 있다.

For clothing items that combine the top with the bottom, such as a jumper suit, it is necessary to design original forms to develop clothes in various styles that can satisfy aesthetic and functional needs. Therefore, to determine the original forms of women’s jumper suits, this study aimed to analyze the patterns of women’s jumper suits being sold in the market comparatively and evaluate their fitness. For the study method, this researcher obtained five types of women’s jumper suits from local brands and compared the patterns’ measured sizes, then conducted exterior evaluation on the surplus according to five different movements and analyzed the values of distortion of clothing pressure comparatively. According to the results, in the basic posture, brands A and C received favorable results, while in the other movements, brand B, which had the biggest surplus on the bottom, was evaluated favorably. In conclusion, in the patterns of women’s jumper suits, a bigger surplus is added to either the crotch length or crotch girth rather than the top length, and the top and the bottom tend to have a different surplus according to the design. In addition, based on the values of body surface lengths according to the range of movements, this study suggests that an additional surplus be added to the length.

The capacity of high nickel Li(NixCoyMn1-x-y)O2 (NCM, x ≥ 0.8) cathodes is known to rapidly decline, a serious problem that needs to be solved in a timely manner. It was reported that cathode materials with the {010} plane exposed toward the outside, i.e., a radial structure, can provide facile Li+ diffusion paths and stress buffer during repeated cycles. In addition, cathodes with a core-shell composition gradient are of great interest. For example, a stable surface structure can be achieved using relatively low nickel content on the surface. In this study, precursors of the high-nickel NCM were synthesized by coprecipitation in ambient atmosphere. Then, a transition metal solution for coprecipitation was replaced with a low nickel content and the coprecipitation reaction proceeded for the desired time. The electrochemical analysis of the core-shell cathode showed a capacity retention of 94 % after 100 cycles, compared to the initial discharge capacity of 184.74 mA h/g. The rate capability test also confirmed that the core-shell cathode had enhanced kinetics during charging and discharging at 1 A/g.

Extensive research is being carried out on Ni-rich Li(NixCoyMn1-x-y)O2 (NCM) due to the growing demand for electric vehicles and reduced cost. In particular, Ni-rich Li(NixCoyMn1-x-y-zAlz)O2 (NCMA) is attracting great attention as a promising candidate for the rapid development of Co-free but electrochemically more stable cathodes. Al, an inactive element in the structure, helps to improve structural stability and is also used as a doping element to improve cycle capability in Ni-rich NCM. In this study, NCMA was successfully synthesized with the desired composition by direct coprecipitation. Boron and tin were also used as dopants to improve the battery performance. Macro- and microstructures in the cathodes were examined by microscopy and X-ray diffraction. While Sn was not successfully doped into NCMA, boron could be doped into NCMA, leading to changes in its physicochemical properties. NCMA doped with boron revealed substantially improved electrochemical properties in terms of capacity retention and rate capability compared to the undoped NCMA.

A method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for neonicotinoid pesticide analysis in agricultural products. Four compounds (imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid) were extracted with acetonitrile from agricultural products and cleaned up by NH2 solid-phase extraction procedure, and eluted with 0.1% formic acid in methanol/dichloromethane (5/95, v/v). The limit of detection and quantification were 0.0001-0.0005 mg/kg and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recoveries of neonicotinoid pesticide from agricultural products were in the range of 90.7-100.9% and 94.4-99.8%, as spiked at 0.2 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. This validation satisfied the national criteria for pesticide analytical methods. In summary, The present method is fast, precise and sensitive enough for the Positive List System (PLS), and we conclude that the method is also suitable for neonicotinoid pesticide determination in a wide range of agricultural products.

목적: 본 연구는 코로나19를 경험한 학생선수의 인식을 은유(metaphor)분석의 방법을 통해 이해하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 중.고교 선수 87명과 대학선수 116명을 대상으로 온라인을 활용한 은유 질문과 일상, 학업, 훈련, 미래 진로 영역으로 구성된 개방형 설문을 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 은유분석에 근거한 은유 범주에 따라 개방형 설문의 영역별 답변을 귀납적 내용분석으로 범주화 하였다. 결과: 체계적 은유분석을 통한 분석 결과 ‘걸림돌로서의 코로나19’, ‘가보지 않은 길로서의 코로나19’, ‘사막의 오아시스 같은 코로나19’ 총 3개의 은유 범주가 도출되었다. 은유 범주를 토대로 진행한 4개 영역의 귀납적 범주화 결과는 일상과 훈련영역에서는 감염확산 방지 우려에 따른 사회적 거리두기 실천으로 훈련 제한 및 지도자 부재에 따른 운동 의욕 감소와 체계적 훈련 불가에 대한 어려움을 공통적으로 보고하였다. 반면에 다양한 경험과 새로운 배움의 체험, 재충전을 통한 반성적 성찰의 시간, 효율적 학습과 자기주도적 훈련을 통한 긍정적 정서 체험은 코로나19를 의미있는 사건으로 인식하였다. 결론: 은유분석을 통한 코로나19 사태에 대한 학생선수의 경험은 훈련 제한과 출전기회 상실에 따른 미래 진로의 불안, 학습환경의 변화 등을 주요 어려움으로 인식하였다. 하지만 위기 상황에 대처하는 방법을 습득하고, 운동 이외의 새로운 배움의 체험 기회는 긍정적 대처 경험의 시간이 되기도 하였다. 은유는 내담자의 인식과 태도를 변화시키는 중요한 역할로 이를 활용한 상담의 진행은 내담자의 감정이나 생각의 이해를 수월하게 한다. 본 연구가 스포 츠 분야의 심리상담에 은유를 활용한 연구의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대해본다.

Ganjang and doenjang are known as major fermented soy-based foods in Koreans. Current investigations have proved that fermented soybean foods impart anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of commercialized soy food, Ganjang, as a function of aging period. The test groups were classified into four time periods-short (under 5 years, S group), mid (under 10 years, M group), long (under 15 years, L group), and eternal (over 15 years, E group). The anti-cancer effects of Ganjang were determined by cell cytotoxicity assay of three types of cancer cell lines and splenocyte proliferation assay. Besides these assays, we also analyzed NK cell activity for cancer immunotherapy. The results show that the anti-cancer effect increased in the S and M period aging groups for all three cancer cell lines. Interestingly, similar to the anti-cancer result, splenocyte proliferation and NK activity showed the highest effect in the S and M groups. In contrast, Japanese ganjang-treated (JG1, JG2) groups and E group showed significantly reduced splenocyte proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that the short and middle periods of traditional fermented Ganjang might have potential anti-cancer activities.

PURPOSES : This study aims to investigate the effect of the propagation time of variable message sign (VMS) information and drivers’ detour rate on the VMS performance under non-recurrent traffic states. METHODS: A microscopic simulation model (i.e., VISSIM and VISSIM COM User Interface) was developed at a location where VMS messages were most frequently displaced in 2018 from the Busan Regional Construction and Management Administration. The non-recurrent traffic states realized in this study were one- and two-lane close cases with scenarios involving multiple propagation times from 0 min to 20 min in 2 min increments and detour rates from 0% to 50%, in 10% increments. The measures of effectiveness are the average delay per vehicle, total travel time, and reduction rate of the total travel time based on the average value of 30 multiple simulation runs for individual scenarios. RESULTS:For the one- and two-lane close cases, the reduction rate of the total travel time increased as the propagation time shortened and the detour rate became bigger. The optimal (i.e., 0 min propagation time and 50% detour rate) and worst (i.e., 20 min propagation time and 10% detour rate) scenarios produced 41.1% (8.9 h) and 6.4% (1.4 h) and 26.4% (86.5 h) and 1.4% (4.7 h) of the total travel time for the one- and twolane close cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : The study results implied that the late propagation time and the low detour rate might not significantly influence the VMS system. Therefore, it is important to improve the information process time for the shorter propagation time and the reliability of the VMS information for a higher detour rate, which will result in a better VMS system performance.

본 연구는 아동양육시설에서 아동을 양육하는 생활지도원들의 양육에 관한 자신감을 높이 고 스트레스 완화 및 정서조절능력에 도움을 주고자 양육기능강화 프로그램을 구성하고 그 효과를 검증하고자 한다. 이를 위해 생활지도원 30명은 중재집단과 통제집단에 각 15명씩 배 정하였다. 중재집단에 포함된 생활지도원은 주 1회, 6회기로 구성된 양육기능강화 프로그램에 참여하였고, 통제집단에는 아무런 처치를 하지 않았다. 조사도구는 요구도 조사를 위한 질문과 프로그램의 효과검증을 위한 생활지도원의 양육효능감, 양육스트레스 및 정서조절능력으로 구성되며, 모든 척도는 자기보고로 평가되었다. 프로그램 전후에 각 집단별 생활지도원의 양육 효능감, 양육스트레스 및 정서조절능력을 조사함으로써, 각 변인들의 사전-사후 조사 간 차이 를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 중재집단의 경우 생활지도원의 양육효능감과 정서조절능력은 긍정적 으로 향상되었고, 양육스트레스는 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 통제집단의 경우는 양육효능 감은 긍정적으로 변화된 반면, 양육스트레스나 정서조절능력에서의 변화는 보이지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 양육기능강화 프로그램이 생활지도원의 심리적 안정감과 더불어, 아동을 양육하 는 능력에서 긍정적인 변화가 있음을 확인하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 온탕침지와 pH교정석회유황합제 처리에 의한 상추 유기종자의 곰팡이와 세균의 소독효과 및 발아율에 미치는 영향을 검정하고자 하였다. 상추종자에 Alternaria sp.가 53.3% 감염되어 있었고 Aspergillus sp.와 Cladosporium sp.은 각각 14.5%와 5.4% 감염되어 있었다. 세균은 형태적으로 Pseudomonas sp., 한 종만 분리되었으며 16.5%가 감염되어 있었다. 상추종자 소독에 효과적인 온탕침지조건을 탐색하고자 온탕의 온도조건(45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃)에 따른 소독효과를 조사하였다. 온탕침지 온도와 처리시간이 증가함에 따라 곰팡이와 세균에 대한 살균효과는 증가하였으나 종자의 발아율은 급격히 감소하였다. 온탕침지 단독처리는 50℃ 온탕에서 20분간 처리할 경우 상추종자의 살균효과와 발아율이 각각 91.1%로 가장 우수하였다. 상추종자 소독을 위한 온탕침지와 pH교정석회유황합제 교호처리는 50℃의 온탕침지 조건에서는 10분간 처리하는 것이 상추종자의 살균효과와 발아율이 각각 100%와 97.6%로 가장 높았다. 본 연구결과는 종자 표면뿐만 아니라 종자내의 곰팡이나 세균을 살균할 수 있는 기술개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

본 연구는 유기농 호박 재배시 문제가 되는 흰가루병을 효과적으로 방제하기 위한 난황유 플러스와 pH교정황토유황합제의 처리기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 50개 호박 품종을 이용하여 흰가루병, 역병, 시들음병에 대한 병저항성 정도를 검정한 결과, 공시한 대부분의 품종은 흰가루병에 대해 감수성으로 나타났다. 덩굴쪼김병에 대하여 저항성을 보이는 품종은 FR계통의 대목품종 8개였다.역병에 대해서는 대부분 감수성을 나타내었으며, 3개(SP12, SP45, SP48)의 품종만이 중도 저항성을 보였다. 유기농 호박흰가루병을 방제하기 위해서는 0.3% COY(cooking oil and egg yolk mixture)보다 0.3% COY plus (cooking oil and egg yolk mixture plus 0.2% soluble CuSO4)나 1.0% PLS(pH adjusted loess sulfurmixture)를 사용하는 것이 흰가루병의 방제 지속 기간이 길고 효과적이었다. 또한 유기농 호박농가에서 0.3% COY plus나 1.0% PLS를 단독으로 처리할 경우 1주나 2주 간격으로 처리하는 것이 흰가루병 방제에 가장 효과적이며 0.3% COY plus나 1.0% PLS를 조합으로 처리할 경우 3주 간격으로 처리할 경우 흰가루병 방제 효과가 우수하였다. 따라서 0.3% 난황 유플러스(COY plus)나 1.0% pH교정황토유황합제(PLS)를 조합으로 처리할 경우 흰가루병 방제 효과가 우수하여 방제 비용을 절감하여 매우 경제적일 것으로 생각한다.