완도 지역 전복 양식장 주변 표층퇴적물을 대상으로 퇴적물의 입도, 총유기탄소(TOC), 중금속(Fe, Li, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Hg) 분포와 조절요인을 분석하고, 생태학적 위험성을 평가하였다. 퇴적물은 주로 실트와 점토로 구성되었으며 일부 지역에서는 모래와 자갈이 혼합된 퇴적물이 확인되었다. TOC 함량은 평균입도와 높은 상관성을 보였으며, 평균값은 0.76%로 나타나 양식 과정에서 발생한 유기물과의 연관성을 제시하였다. 퇴적물 내 Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu는 양식장 활동 및 유기물 축적의 영향을 받으며, Cd는 가장 높은 농축을 보임 으로써 주요 오염원으로 확인되었다. 특히, Cd의 축적은 잔류 해조류 침전과 CaCO3 침전 과정에서 치환작용과 연관이 있는 것으로 해석 되었다. 생태학적 위해도 평가에서는 연구지역 대부분이 중간 위험 수준으로 나타났으며, Cd는 주요 생태학적 위해 요인으로 확인되었다.

The harsh economic conditions of Buddhist temples in late Joseon dynasty, and the prevalence of the Buddhānusmrti(念佛) practice, which is a practice of reciting Amita Buddha(阿彌陀佛), led Buddhist temples to organize the Buddhānusmrti association(念佛契) in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. For the practices and the activities of organization, an architectural facility was required; thereby, many temples had a Yeombul-dang(念佛堂). However, only a few of the Yeombul-dang have survived and are known today. This research investigates the ways temples tried to acquire Yeombul-dang buildings during the period and their architecture characteristics by reviewing historical records and documentary works of literature. In this research, Yeombul-dang is found to have various types of building names and building forms. Different hall names such as Amitābha Hall(佛殿), Yosa(寮舍) and Daebang(大房) were used as Yeonbul-dang. The commonalities and differences in terms of building forms, spatial elements composition and layouts were found depending on how they were acquired. The Yeombul-dang were most commonly built as multi-complex buildings consisting of worshiping rooms and residential areas. Most of Yeombul-dang were located in the central areas of the temple site. On this basis, this research suggests the possibility that many Yeombul-dang is still being used under different names and for different purposes.

The effects of boron or manganese added as , Mn, , B on TiC-30vo1.% cermet sintered at 1380 and for 1 hour, were examined in relation with shrinkage, relative density, microstructure, lattice parameter, hardness and fracture toughness (). The results are summarized as follows: 1) The highest shrink-age showed about 30.5% in the specimen added BC and the maximum relative density was about 99% in the specimen added ; 2) The grains of TiC were grown during sintering and made the surrounding structure by adding boron and manganese. The largest grain size showed about in the specimen with boron sintered at ;3) The lattice parameter of TiC was about and about by adding other elements; 4) The highest hardness was about in the specimen with B4C; 5) The fracture toughness () showed about in the specimen added .