Previous researches have revealed that dental panoramic radiographs routinely taken in dental clinics can be useful to diagnose low bone density. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, awareness and treatment rate of low bone density of females utilizing dental panoramic images. Four-hundred-and-fifteen female patients(mean age 70.4 yrs ± 11.4 yrs) between the age of 50s to 90s, at Chonnam National University Dental Hospital were randomly selected for this study. The panoramic radiographs taken from the patients were reviewed for the purpose of interpreting suspected low bone density(SLBD) on the basis of mandibular cortex index. Awareness and treatment rates of osteoporosis were investigated based on electronic records using the past medical history. As a result, the prevalence rate was 42.17%(175 in 415), the osteoporosis-awareness rate 22.3%(39 in 175), and the treatment rate 87%(34 in 39), showing that the osteoporosis-awareness rate was low, but the treatment rate was relatively high. In conclusion, it can be suggested that osteoporosis-awareness rate by diagnosing SLBD with dental panoramic radiographs be increased to help patients to receive proper treatment.

본 연구는 청소년의 기후변화 인식이 기후변화 관여도와 기후변화에 따른 문제해결을 위한 행동에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 특히 기후변화에 대한 청소년의 관여는 그들이 주로 노출되는 미디어에 따라 달라질 것으로 예측하였으며, 미디어로 SNS와 매스미디어뿐만 아니라 교과서를 포함하였다. 한국청소년정책연구원이 수행한 청소년의 기후변 화에 대한 인식조사 원본 데이터를 활용하여 영향관계를 분석한 결과, SNS와 매스미디어, 교과서와 같은 미디어는 기후변화 관여도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 기후변화 관여도를 통해 기후변화 문제해결 행 동에 간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 미디어들의 적 극적인 활용이 궁극적으로 청소년들의 기후변화에 대한 중요성 인식뿐만 아니라 행동 실천을 유발도하기 위해 필요함을 의미한다.

This paper offers a diachronic examination of how the love story between Zhangsheng and Yingying in Yuanzhen‘s novel “Yingying zhuan” has evolved through different literary conventions. “Yingying Love Story” has remained a beloved narrative, enduring from the Song to the Jin-Yuan periods and continuing to be performed on stage today. The interplay between external factors such as societal and cultural backgrounds and internal changes in literary conventions allows for an understanding of the modified narrative of the “Yingying Love Story” and sheds light on the processes of literary creation, reception, and adaptation. Additionally, it provides a more nuanced understanding of the genre characteristics across different epochs. The transformation of the ending of the “Yingying Love Story” from a tragic conclusion where the woman is forsaken to a happy ending where their love prevails reflects the societal and cultural contexts of the time. In particular, the empathy shown by Ci writers of the Song dynasty towards Yingying and the non-defensive attitude towards Zhangsheng played a crucial role in shaping the evolution of the story's conclusion. Subsequent urban commercial development and the flourishing of private literature altered audience expectations of Yingying, naturally propelling the original tragic ending toward a happy resolution.

본 연구는 급변하는 디지털 환경 하에서 개인의 정보추구 행동에 영향 을 미치는 변인들을 확인하는 것이 목적이었다. 이를 위해 디지털 리터 러시와 미디어 교육 경험을 독립변인으로 하여 각 변인의 하위 구성요소 가 정보추구 행동(검색과 공유)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 대학생 총 226명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 디지털 리 터러시의 구성요소인 정서와 참여, 비판적 읽기는 검색행동과 공유행동 에 정적(+) 영향력을 보여주었으나, 가치는 공유행동에 부(-)적 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 미디어 교육 경험은 학교와 가정의 미디어 교육 경험이 모두 정보추구 행동(검색과 공유)에 정(+)적 영향을 보여주 고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 추후 적극적인 정보추구 행동을 위해 디 지털 리터러시의 정서와 참여, 비판적 읽기를 향상시킬 수 있는 학교와 가정의 미디어 교육에 단초를 제공한다.

본 연구에서는 쥐참외뿌리 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 미백, 항염증 활성에 대한 생리활성 효과와 기능성 소재로써의 활용 가능성을 확인해 보고자 하였다. 쥐참외뿌리 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성을 통한 항산화 활성, 멜라닌 세포인 B16F10 melanoma 세포에 대한 멜라닌 생성 억제능을 통한 미백 활성 효과, 대식 세포인 RAW 264.7 세포에 대한 NO 생성 억제능을 통한 항염증 활성 효과를 확인해 보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 쥐참외뿌리 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성이 확인되었으며, 양성 대 조군인 Ascorbic acid와 비슷한 DPPH 라디컬 소거활성이 확인되었다. 100 nM α-MSH로 유도된 멜라닌 생성 억제 활성과 LPS 1 ㎍/mL로 유도된 NO 생성 억제능을 유의하게 억제 하는 것을 확인되었다. 이에 따라 쥐참외뿌리 추출물은 항산화 및 미백, 항염증 효과를 가진 기능성 소재로써의 활용 가능성이 있음이 사료되어 진다.

교정시설의 과밀화 수용, 개별교정처우, 출소 후 재범예방 등을 위해서 수형자 분류 지표에 대한 논의는 지난 10여 년간 꾸준히 논의되어 온 주제이다. 현 교정본부에서는 교정재범예측지표를 활용하여 수형자의 가석방심사를 비롯하여 개벌적인 교정처우와 프로그램참여 등을 수행하고 있다. 수형자 분류는 수용시설에서 범죄성에 대한 억제와 재사회화를 위한 프로그램 설계 및 운영하는데 있어서 가장 중요한 도입단계라 볼 수 있다. 수형자의 재범억제와 성공적인 재사회화를 위해서 수형자 분류와 관련된 지표를 활용하고자 한다면, 이 지표에 대한 과학적 근거를 바탕으로 한 효과성 및 타당성 등의 평가가 뒷받침 되어야 한다. 우선 이 연구에서는 수형자 분류 지표에 대한 효과성을 검증하기 앞서 탐색적 연구를 수행하고자 하였다. 현재 국내 수형자 재범위험성 평가 도구를 파악하고, 내용 및 각 요인들을 살펴보았다. 다음으로 국내외 수형자 또는 범죄자의 위험성 등을 분류할 수 있는 평가도구를 자세히 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 개별처우, 수형자 분류 등의 중요성이 강조되어야 하는지를 뒷받침 할 수 있는 국내외 선행연 구를 검토하였다. 이 연구를 통해 현재 국내에서 수행되고 있는 수형자 분류와 관련된 지표를 살펴보고, 분산된 관련 자료들을 정리하여 추후 실증연구를 진행할 수 있는 근거자료로 활용하고자 하였다.

저자 미상의 『불설대보부모은중경』(佛說大報父母恩重經)은 중국에서 찬술된 위경(僞經)으로 알려져 있으며, 돈황본과 중국, 한국, 일본에 수많 은 이본(異本)들이 존재한다. 이 경이 처음 우리나라에 전해진 것은 통일 신라 때로 추정되며 고려와 조선시대에 활발히 유통되었다. 수많은 이본 중 정조대에 용주사에서 간행된 판본이 가장 완성도가 높으며 언문으로 주석이 되어 있어 불교의 효사상과 불교 전파에 크게 기여하였다. 이 경전은 부모에 대한 효(孝)를 강조함으로써 유가(儒家)로부터 불교는 사회윤리와 도덕을 무너뜨리는 종교라는 비난에 대처하고 사대부와 서민들로부터 많은 호응을 얻었던 경전이다. 이 경에 나타난 효사상은 연기(緣起)와 윤회(輪廻) 및 인과응보(因果應 報)를 바탕으로 한다. 부모의 한없는 자애(自愛)와 자식의 자발적 보은(報 恩)을 강조하며 부모 자식 간의 호혜적 평등과 보은의 무한성을 특징으로 하는 불교의 효사상은 유교의 남성 중심적이고 수직적이며 당위성을 강조하는 효사상과 대비된다. 불교에서는 불교의 가르침을 실천하는 것이 곧 효행으로 이를 통해 부 모를 깨달음의 길로 인도하는 것이 진정한 효이다. 불교의 효는 현생의 부모뿐만 아니라 과거·현재·미래의 삼세(三世)의 모든 부모와 널리 일체중생을 제도하는 대효로써 한층 승화된 효의 차원을 제시하고 있다.

Artificial intelligence, has been applied in interpreting osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiograph with high accuracy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitive area of convolutional neural network(CNN), one of artificial intelligence, in interpreting osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiograph. Dental panoramic radiographs taken from 1,170 female (49.19 ±21.91 average age, 21 minimum age, and 84 maximum age) were selected for this study. Two oral maxillofacial radiologists agreed upon interpreting osteoporosis by interpreting mandibular inferior cortical changes. The region of interest included upper and lower jaws for training and testing CNN in interpreting osteoporosis. A filter which was set to look for image characteristics moved through the entire panoramic radiography to identify sensitive areas that distinguish normal groups and osteoporosis patients. In interpreting osteoporosis on panoramic radiograph, CNN responded sensitively at the cancellous bone of the upper and lower jaws while oral maxillofacial radiologists interpreted mandibular inferior cortical change.

The study investigates the effects of corpus-based formulaic sequences learning on developing learners’ writing skills and attitudes. For this purpose, fifty-four high school students participated in the study and were divided into two groups. The experimental group learned formulaic sequences with the corpus-based method, while the control group learned the target items through the definition-centered method. The results of the study showed that no significant difference in writing ability was found between corpus-based formulaic sequences learning and traditional formulaic sequences learning. The corpus-based formulaic sequences learning showed a greater effect on improving grammatical accuracy of writing. The traditional formulaic sequences learning was effective in the acquisition of productive knowledge of formulaic sequences. The results of the survey questionnaire showed that the students showed a positive attitude toward corpus-based formulaic sequences learning, which may mean corpus-based learning can play an important role in increasing students’ motivation. These results may suggest that various corpus-based activities for EFL class need to be developed.

This study investigates the use of cohesive devices in the corpus of Korean college students’ compositions. In particular, it attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the lexico-grammatical contexts in which cohesive referential devices are employed in argumentative essays. For this purpose, a Korean EFL corpus and a native speaker corpus were analyzed based on Gray’s (2010) coding scheme. The coding scheme included variables such as the place and unit of the antecedent, the grammatical role and place of demonstratives, and their preceding or following structures. The results of the analysis showed that Korean EFL learners and native writers were similar in that they tended to use demonstrative pronouns as a subject and demonstrative determiners as objects/complements. Besides this general tendency, non-prototypical uses of the determiners were observed. The learners’ corpus manifested an overuse of an extended antecedent which could reduce the clarity of meaning. The most frequent verb following demonstrative pronouns was the copula (i.e., be) in both corpora. Finally, the learners tended to use a much smaller number of abstract/shell nouns than their native speaker counterparts.

Menton (Me) deviation is commonly used for diagnosing facial asymmetry. This study compared angle and distance measurement in determining the severity of Me deviation for facial asymmetry diagnosis. Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic(3D CT) images of 32 patients (mean age 22.5yrs, SD 3.4yrs; 16 male, 16 female) with facial asymmetry were selected for this study. Angle and distance of Me deviation in each patient were obtained and the severity of Me deviation was determined according to the angle and the distance measurement. The severity of Me deviation by angle and distance measurement was compared and statistical analysis was performed. Eight (25%) showed disagreement in severity of Me deviation between the two measurements. The kappa coefficient on the two measurements was 0.67, showing substantial agreement. It is suggested that both angle and distance measurement be performed in determining severity of Me deivation.

This study aimed to measure ramal lengths and angles on panoramic radiography applying a polar coordinate system for analyzing facial asymmetry within normal range. Panoramic radiographs taken from 15 males and 15 females (mean age 31.33±3.7 yrs in males and 28.87±2.72 yrs in females) with symmetric-looking faces were selected. The polar coordinate system, length of condylar and ramal height and angles between the ramus tangent and the connecting line of the most inferior point of bilateral orbital rim were measured from panoramic radiographic images. Bilateral differences in the ramal and condylar heights and angles were determined by asymmetric index. The polar coordinate applied for analyzing facial asymmetry uses length and angle measure. The normal range of facial asymmetry was measured using mean and standard deviation of asymmetry index of length and angle measure. A new analysis method using polar coordinate system on panoramic radiograph may provide more accurate analysis for facial asymmetry.

This study was conducted as part of a series of studies to introduce the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) into the diagnostic field of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the results when testing Digital Radiography(DR) and Computed Radiography(CR) panoramic radiographs by CNN that were trained by DR panoramic radiographs. The digital panoramic radiographs of females who visited for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment at Chonnam National University Dental Hospital were taken. Two Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists were selected for the study to compare the panoramic radiographs with normal and osteoporosis images. Among them, 1068 panoramic radiographs of females{Mean [± standard deviation] age: 49.19 ± 21.91 years} obtained by DR method were used for training of CNN. 200 panoramic radiographs of females{Mean [± standard deviation] age: 63.95 ± 6.45 years} obtained by DR method and 202 panoramic radiographs of females{Mean [± standard deviation] age: 62.00 ± 6.86 years} obtained by CR method were used for testing of CNN. When the DR panoramic radiographs were tested, the Accuracy was 92.5%. When the CR panoramic radiographs were tested, the Accuracy was 76.2%. It can be seen that the CNN trained by DR panoramic radiographs is suitable to be tested with the same DR panoramic radiographs.

This study investigated the structural and functional differences between formulaic sequences in College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) and SAT reading assessment texts. The results of the RANGE program showed that SAT used more diverse and difficult words compared to CSAT. The frequency analysis revealed that CSAT used more formulaic sequences than the SAT counterpart. This suggests that CSAT used more repeated expressions, whereas SAT used diverse vocabulary items. The structural analysis showed that noun phrases were the most dominant in CSAT, whereas prepositional phrases were pervasive in SAT. The functional analysis showed that both corpora relied heavily on referential expressions. The results indicate that referential bundles are dominantly used in institutional writing (Biber & Barbieri, 2007). In accordance with the previous studies, the results suggest that high frequency formulaic sequences can be different according to the register. In CSAT, connectives and discourse organizers were prevalent. This may be due to the characteristics of question types in CSAT. The results may indicate that formulaic sequences in texts are partly influenced by the characteristics of a register.