2016년 중국으로 우리나라의 6개 RPC에서 쌀 수출을 개시 하면서 얻어진 우리쌀의 품질대비 가격경쟁력의 우수성과 수출 초기에 발생하였던 문제점 등의 해결 사례는 다음과 같다. 중국내 수입하여 유통중인 중단립종의 가격경쟁력은 일본산과 대만산이 우리 수출쌀에 비해서 2~3배 가격이 높게 유통 되고 있어 우리쌀의 품질관리 여부에 따라 수출가능성은 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. 쌀의 백도는 우리나라 수출쌀이 35내외로 낮은 편이나, 중국의 흑룡강성 최고급쌀인 우창쌀의 백도는 40이상으로 높은 편이다. 배아잔존율은 우리나라 수출쌀이 24% 정도이고 중국의 흑룡강성 최고급쌀인 우창쌀은 5%내외이다. 백도는 40이 상으로, 배아잔존율은 하계 3%이하, 동계 5%이하로 가공하였을 때 중국의 소비자 선호도가 증가 할것으로 사료된다. 진공포장이 풀리는 것을 방지하기 위해서는 쌀 사이에 충진재를 넣거나, 포장시 2중접착을 하거나, 열 접착시에 시간을 1~1.5초, 온도를 130~150oC, 진공압력을 270~300 mmHg로 하고, 이동시 편리성을 도모하기 위해 포장지 상부에 손잡이를 만드는 것도 중요하다. 훈증소독은 메틸브로마이드 보다는 인화수소를 이용하는 것과 중국 남방지역으로의 하계 수출시에는 고온 다습한 것을 감안하여 수분함량을 13%내외로 조절하는 것을 추천한다.

Soluble salts are dominant form at reclaimed tidal saline soil, which can be improved by leaching with excessive irrigation water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation on soil salinity and corn (Zea mays) growth at reclaimed tidal saline soil. A field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land in Korea, during two successive growing seasons between 2013 and 2014. During the growing season, three different irrigation practices were applied as following; (1) irrigation at −35 kPa, (2) irrigation at −50 kPa, and (3) no-irrigation. Soil salinity was significantly decreased with increasing irrigation rates. Soluble cations were statistically decreased with irrigation; especially the depression of soluble Na was greater than other cations. Corn growth was significant with irrigation practice and the length of stem, panicle number, and stem thickness was statistically greater compared to the control. Although the germination rate was more than 95% in all treatment, withering rate was great in both growing seasons, which was significantly decreased with irrigation practice. Our results indicated that salt control is critical at reclaimed tidal saline soil and irrigation practice based on soil potential could be one of the best management options to alleviate salt damages for stable crop production at reclaimed tidal saline soil.

The object of this study conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation cropping system on soil properties and crop productivity in newly reclaimed tidal land. Five types of paddyupland rotation cropping system were evaluated : Rice-Rice (RR) Rice-Maize (RM), Mize-Maize (MM), Rice-Soybean (RS), Soybean-Soybean (SS). The soil bulk density was the lowest RM treatment, and soil pH was a tendency to be lower in all treatments of the paddy-upland rotation cropping system. RM treatment showed a higher moisture content and lower Electrical conductivity than RR treatment. Results of maize productivity in paddy-upland rotation cropping system, Except for the stem diameter growth, RM treatment showed good growth and productivity than MM treatment. Soybean growth and yield increased in the rotated upland cultivation from rice-paddy field compared to the SS treatment. But, overall treatments indicated poor growth and yield. In this study, we offer the effects of paddyupland rotation cropping system on the soil properties and upland crop growth and yield, and also out results can be provide supporting basic data that introduced paddy-upland rotation in reclaimed tidal land.

Soil salinity is the most critical problem at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea. The objective of this study was carried out investigate the salt movement in upland soils at Gyehwa-do region in Saemangeum reclaimed land on the south Korea coasts. The experiment was conducted 5% sloped polt (3.0 m × 10.0 m) with 14 treatments and it were separated by low salinity division (LSD) and high salinity division (HSD) install. The cation content in ground water increased during time course, but in the case of land surface water the content was variable, and K+was lower than that of Na and Mg. At the LSD under rainproof condition, the salinity was directly proportional to soil water content, but at the HSD the tendency was no reversed. In condition of rainproof, the amount of soil salinity was higher at the HSD than at the LSD. Positive correlation was obtained between the soil water content and available phosphorous content at the rainfall division, but there was no significance at the surface soil of the rainproof division. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and anion (Cl−, SO4 −) contents in soil were repressed in the order of vinyl-mulching > Rice straw-mulching > control plot. Our results indicate that soluble salt control is critical at reclaimed tidal saline soil and the results can provide some useful information for deciding management plans to reduce salt damage for stable crop production and diverse utilization or cultivation could be one of the management options to alleviate salt damages at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea.

Soil salinity at newly reclaimed land in west coast of Korea is highly variable and depending on soil characteristics and weather conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics changes on soil electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage in Saemangeum newly reclaimed land. Experimental sites was selected at Gyehwa (35o75'N, 126o60'E) in Saemangeum reclaimed land and their dominant soil series was Munpo (coarseloamy, mixed, non-acid, mesic, typic Fluvaquents). Soil samples were periodically collected at 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm layer from each site. Soil electrical conductivity had a wide range from 0.15 to 41.76 dS/m, which was variable according to the weather conditions. The average soil electrical conductivity from March 2014 to 2015 was 6.4 and 3.4 dS/m at Gyehwa in Seamangeum reclaimed land. Calcium concentration in soil solution was negatively correlated with soil electrical conductivity and soluble sodium. Soluble sodium concentration had great variations and it was the most influencing single factor for temporal variations of soil electrical conductivity regardless of soil textural properties. The characteristics of Saemangeum reclaimed land had different shares of saline and sodic properties during the experimental period. Our results indicate that persistent monitoring and modeling on soil salinity at coastal tide land is fundamental and the results can provide some useful information for deciding management plans for diverse utilization or to reduce salt damage for stable crop production at reclaimed tidal land.

본 연구는 새만금 간척지에서 비닐하우스 작물 재배 가능성 검토를 위해 녹색꽃양배추를 대상으로 일일 관수량을 달리하여 관수량에 따른 토양 염농도 및 생육특성 등을 조사하여 관수량에 의한 재염화 억제효과를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 수확기의 표토의 평균 토양 EC 는 1.5 및 3.0mm·day-1 처리구에서 각각 10.9 및 11.5dS·m-1 였으며 6.0mm·day-1 처리구에서 5.1dS·m-1로 1.5 및 3.0mm·day-1 처리구보다 52~56% 낮게 나타나 점적관수 량에 따른 제염효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 화뢰의 무게는 6.0mm·day-1 처리구에서 주당 371.3g으로 1.5 및 3.0mm·day-1 처리구의 60.9g 및 129.1g보다 높은 값을 나타냈다. 50%의 수량감소를 보이는 토양 EC는 7.6dS·m-1였으며 점적관수에 의한 토양 제염효과는 6.0mm·day-1 처리에서 30~40cm 깊이까지 나타났다. 따라서 새만금간척지에서 녹색꽃양배추 재배시 점적관수에 의한 토양 재염화 억제를 위해서는 6.0mm·day-1 수준의 관수량으로 총 422mm의 물량이 필요할 것으로 예측된다. 그러나 염류의 이동은 토양 이화학적 특성 및 계절적 요인 등 여러 가지 환경요인에 영향을 받으므로 간척지 비닐하우스에서 점적관수에 따른 염류의 이동특성에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

간척지에서 자생하는 자귀풀은 콩과잡초로서 휴먼성이 강하 고 종피가 딱딱한 껍질에 싸여있어 채종한 종자는 발아율이 저조하므로 발아율을 높이기 위하여 황산, 온도 및 모래를 을 이용한 종피파상 방법을 이용한 휴면타파 효과를 구명하기 위 하여 본 시험을 수행하여 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 2013년도 간척지에서 채종한 자귀풀 발아세와 발아율은 18.0%와 27.0%, 2014년 채종 종자는 15.8%와 21.5%을 보였다. 2. 자귀풀 종자의 황산처리효과는 황산용액 50% 처리에서 는 무 처리와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 황산용액 100% 처 리에서는 채종 연도와 관계없이 71.0% ~ 73.0%의 발아율을 나 타내었다. 3. 온도처리 효과는 90oC 고온 상태에서 각각 20, 30, 40분 처리시의 발아율은 처리시간 40분에서 90% 이상의 높은 발아 율을 보여 처리시간이 길어질수록 발아율은 증가할 것으로 사 료된다. 4. 모래를 이용한 종피파상 처리는 2014년 채종한 종자는 종자량과 모래의 비율이 4배 처리에서 94.0%로 가장 높은 발 아율을 보였고, 2배 처리에서도 80%의 발아율을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 간척지에서 채종한 자귀풀의 휴면 타파는 많은 노력이나 시설 및 비용이 추가되는 온도처리나 황산처리보다 주변에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 모래를 이용한 종 피파상법이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 새로 조성된 간척지에서 사료맥류 종자의 안정생산을 위한 적정 파종량을 구명코자 2011년부터 2013년까지수행하였다. 청보리와 트리티케일은 ha당 200, 300 및 400 kg호밀과 귀리는 ha당 100, 200 및 300 kg을 파종하고 토양화학성과 작물별 수량성을 조사 하였다. 사료맥류의 출현율과 입모율은 호밀, 트리티케일, 청보리, 귀리 순으로 높았다. 사료맥류 종실의 질소 함량은 트리티케일, 호밀, 보리, 귀리 순으로높았고 트리티케일과 호밀은 파종량 증가에 따라 질소함량이높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 사료맥류의 종실수량은 트리티케일, 귀리, 호밀, 청보리 순으로 많았다. 파종량에 따른 종실수량은 청보리와 트리티케일은 ha당 300 kg에서, 호밀과 귀리는200 kg에서 많았다. 수량구성요소 중 m2당 이삭수가 종실수량에 큰 영향을 미쳤고 수당립수와 천립중은 파종량 감소에 따라증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 연구 결과 새로 조성된 간척지에서동계 사료맥류 종자의 안정생산을 위한 적정 파종량은 ha당 청보리는 320 kg, 트리티케일은 290 kg, 호밀은 220 kg, 귀리는210 kg으로 나타났다.

To restore reclaimed land, it needs to be supplemented with organic matter; this is especially true for Korea, where organic matter constitutes only one-tenth of conventional agricultural soils. The giant Miscanthus, a perennial grass known for its extensive biomass, shows signs of being an excellent source of organic matter for restoring reclaimed land. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the feasibility of using the giant miscanthus as an organic resource within the context of re-using reclaimed land for agricultural purposes (i.e., potato cultivation), and (ii) determine the optimum fertilization rate for the potatoes while the giant miscanthus is being used as an organic resource. Our results show that after 180 days, giant miscanthus lost 23–47% of its original dry weight, with the extent of the loss dependent on soil salinity. Nutrient concentrations (Mg2+, Na+) continued to increase until the end of the study period. In contrast, potassium (K+) and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decreased until the end of the study period. Specifically, after 180 days, low salinity topsoil treatments had the lowest C/N ratio. In the first year, 150 % of standard N rates were required for the potatoes to achieve maximum productivity; however in the 2nd year, standard rates were sufficient to achieve maximum productivity. Overall, this implies that even though the application of giant miscanthus did eventually improve soil quality, increasing crop yields, N fertilization is still necessary for the best outcomes.

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is widespread in reclaimed land and wetland habitats. Every year, the common reed produces extensive colonies by means of underground rhizomes and ground-surface stolons. From an agricultural point of view, the common reed's large biomass is a good material for supplying organic matter. However, it has not yet been studied in terms of seedling production, transplanting conditions, and decomposition characteristics in reclaimed land. Seeds were harvested from the native common reed in Saemangeum, South Korea, the previous year and stored on an open field. The seeds were sowed in the greenhouse at the beginning of April. Common reed decomposition was studied from June to September, with the use of coarse mesh (5 mm) stem litterbags, on three samping dates and with five replicate packs per sample. These packs were dug in five soil condition (low-salinity topsoil, subsoil, high-salinity topsoil, subsoil, paddy topsoil) to 0.2 m and 0.4 m depth. The highest germination rate of common reed seeds was observed in non-salt solution, but the exhibited germination rate was 70% at 9.38 dS m-1. The plant height of young reed decreased steadily with increasing salinity, but leaf number did not decrease by 9.38 dS m-1. The survival rate of the two-year-old reed was 83.3%, which was 35% higher than that of the one-year reed. The transplant success rate was 0% in the no vinyl mulching in the soil, but the first year and second year seedlings survived rates were 63% and 83.3%, respectively, in vinyl mulching. Common reed decomposition rates were faster low salinity than high salinity. All nutrient contents were found to fluctuate significantly with time by soil conditions. We also need to study the growth rate of reed transplanting seedlings by soil moisture contents and the comparison of degradation in common reed tissues.

Paddy-upland rotation system is one of the important cropping system for improving soil quality and crop productivity. we conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation system on soil properties and crop productivity in reclaimed tidal land. The paddy-upland rotation could be effective to conserve soil water contents and prevent from salt damage when cultivating upland crops. The first two years of maize cultivation after rice cultivation could be effective to secure stable production. However, in case of soybean crop, the rotation effect might be lower than that of maize. In the first year, the yield of soybean was 214 kg/10a. In the second and third year, the yields of soybean decreased consecutively to 152, 123 kg/10a respectively. In this paper, it would be suggested that maize be cultivated for up to two years and soybean be cultivated for one year after rice crop grown in reclaimed tidal land. This study could be provide basic data of the physico-chemical properties applicable to paddy-upland rotation system at reclaimed tidal lands.