This study investigated the antidiabetic activity of Salvia plebeia 70% ethanol extract (SPEE) and S. plebeia water extract (SPWE). The effects of SPEE and SPWE on adipogenesis were evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O staining showed that SPEE inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Both SPEE and SPWE were analyzed for their total polyphenol contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and α-glucosidase inhibition. SPEE exhibited significantly higher TPC and DPPH radical-scavenging activities than SPWE. Next, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed to assess the potential hypoglycemic effects of SPEE in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. Blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice decreased 30 min after treatment with SPEE (300 mg/kg) and SPWE (300 mg/kg). Therefore, this study provides a basis for further investigations into the clinical applications of SPEE as a preventative agent against diabetes.

A phenylboric acid functionalized carbon dot (2-FPBA-CD) for rapid fluorescent sensing of glucose in blood was synthesized by simply mixing N, S-doped carbon dots (CDs) with phenylboric acid at room temperature. At pH 7.4, the response of 2-FPBA-CD to glucose could reach equilibrium in a very short time (10 min), with a wide responsive linear range of 19.70 μM to 2.54 mM, which can be applied to the detection of glucose in serum. The mechanism studies showed that the layered carbon film of 2-FPBA-CD aggregated after adding glucose, thereby leading to the fluorescence quenching of 2-FPBA-CD.