This study investigated species identification and labeling compliance of 48 shrimp products sold in the Korean online markets. Species identification was conducted using the standard DNA barcoding method, using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The obtained sequences were compared with those deposited in the NCBI GenBank and BOLD Systems databases. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis was performed to further verify the identified shrimp species. Consequently, 16 shrimp species were identified, including Penaeus vannamei, Pandalus borealis, Palaemon gravieri, Leptochela gracilis, Penaeus monodon, Pleoticus muelleri, Metapenaeopsis dalei, Euphausia pacifica, Lebbeus groenlandicus, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Argis lar, Metanephrops thomsoni, Metapenaeopsis barbata, Alpheus japonicus, Penaeus chinensis, and Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii. The most prevalent species was Penaeus vannamei, found in 45.8% of the analyzed products. A significant mislabeling rate of 72.9% was found; however, upon excluding generic names such as shrimp, the mislabeling rate reduced to 10.4%. The mislabeling rate was higher in highly-processed products (89.3%) compared with that in minimally-processed products (50%). No correlation was found between the country of origin and mislabeling rate. The results of this study provide crucial data for future monitoring of shrimp products and improving the labeling of shrimp species in Korea.

In this study, based on an analysis of two DNA barcode markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b genes), we performed species identification and monitored labeling compliance for 50 commercial pufferfish products sold in on-line markets in Korea. Using these barcode sequences as a query for species identification and phylogenetic analysis, we screened the GenBank database. A total of seven pufferfish species (Takifugu chinensis, T. pseudommus, T. xanthopterus, T. alboplumbeus, T. porphyreus, T. vermicularis, and Lagocephalus cheesemanii) were identified and we detected 35 products (70%) that were non-compliant with the corresponding label information. Moreover, the labels on 12 commercial products contained only the general common name (i.e., pufferfish), although not the scientific or Korean names for the 21 edible pufferfish species. Furthermore, the proportion of mislabeled highly processed products (n = 9, 81.8%) was higher than that of simply processed products (n = 26, 66.7%). With respect to the country of origin, the percentage of mislabeled Chinese products (n = 8, 80%) was higher than that of Korean products (n = 26, 66.7%). In addition, the market and dialect names of different pufferfish species were labeled only as Jolbok or Milbok, whereas two non-edible pufferfish species (T. vermicularis and T. pseudommus) were used in six commercial pufferfish products described as JolboK and Gumbok on their labels, which could be attributable to the complex classification system used for pufferfish. These monitoring results highlight the necessity to develop genetic methods that can be used to identify the 21 edible pufferfish species, as well as the need for regulatory monitoring of commercial pufferfish products.

본 연구는 국내 유통 중인 호상형 및 액상형 요거트 등 20개 발효유 제품의 유산균 생균수 및 사용 균주를 분석하여 제품의 표시사항과 비교하였다. 분석 제품의 생균수는 2.7×107-5.6×1010CFU/mL의 범위로 『식품의 기준 및 규격(제2021-26호)』의 기준치(1.0×107-1.0×108CFU/mL 이상)를 만족하였다. 순수분리된 유산균의 16S ribosomal RNA 유전자 염기서열 정보를 미국국립보건원(NCBI) GenBank 데이터베이스에 등록되어있는 생물종의 염기서열과 비교함으로써 제품에 사용된 유산균의 종을 동정하였다. 동정된 균주는 Lactobacillus 6종(L. paracasei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. helveticus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), Lactococcus 1종(Lc. lactis), Streptococcus 1종(S. thermophilus)으로 모두『건강기능식 품의 기준 및 규격(고시 제2019-149호)』에서 제시한 프로바이오틱스 제품에 사용될 수 있는 미생물로 확인되었다. 제품별 균주 사용 빈도는 L. paracasei (n=7), L. acidophilus (n=5), L. helveticus (n=5), S. thermophilus (n=3), L. rhamnosus (n=2), L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (n=2), Lactobacillus plantarum (n=1), Lc. lactis (n=1) 순 으로 조사되었다. 소비자 알권리 및 신뢰도 향상을 위하여 사용된 프로바이틱스 미생물의 균주명 등의 제공이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Species composition and seasonal variation of aquatic organism in the coastal waters off Taean, Korea were investigated using catches by commercial fishing of the pot and gill net from April 2010 to January 2011. A total of 58 species, 10,602 individuals and 547,569g of aquatic organism were collected during the study. Aquatic organism were composed of 22 species of Pisces, 20 species of Crustacea, 8 species of Gastropoda, 3 species of Echinodea, 2 species of Cephalopoda and Bivalvia, and 1 species of Holothuroidea. 41 species in 9 orders and 22 families were collected by the pot, and 28 species in 15 orders and 22 families were collected by the gill net. Volutharpa ampullacea was the most dominant in the pot, while Okamejei kenojei was the most dominant in the gill net. These two species accounted for 73.9% in the number of individuals, and 64.4% in biomass. The number of species was high in spring in the pot, and autumn in the gill net. The number of individuals and biomass were highest in winter and summer respectively in the pot, and summer in the gill net. The number of species of the consignment quantity caught by commercial fishery of the pot and gill net in Mohang was 12 and 14 respectively. Cluster analysis based on species composition of the 18 most common species showed that the species were separated into 3 different group. Group A was composed of species which were abundant in spring, group B was composed of species which were abundant in summer and autumn, and group C was composed of year-round residents.

당귀의 품종과 수집종의 구분 수단으로 내추대성과 추대성 당귀의 구분과 수입 약재와 국산 약재를 건재로 혼용하여 사용하였을 때 기원 식물을 판별하기 위해 RAPD based primer를 선발하고자 PCR을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 임의의 10-mer primer와 20-mer primer 등 총 72개의 primer를 사용하여 3개의 내추대성 특이적인 primer를 찾았는데, URP04 primer에서는 1.7 kb 부근에서 내추대성 특이적인 band가 나타났고, OPD11 primer에서는 1.2 kb 부근에 band가 없는 것이 내추대성으로 나타났으며, OPP09 primer에서는 1 kb 부근의 major band가 없고 1.2 kb와 0.8 kb부근에 band가 있는 만추당귀 특이적인 band pattern이 나타났다. 한편 OPC02 primer는 참당귀내에서 내추대성과 추대성 4집단 모든 sample에서 똑같은 band pattern을 보였던 primer로써, 이 primer를 사용하여 국내산 참당귀를 중국당귀, 일당귀와 판별할 수 있었고, OPD11과 OPP09 및 URP04 primer는 참당귀내에서 내추대성과 추대성을 구분 할 수 있었던 primer들로써 이들 primer로도 참당귀를 중국당귀, 일당귀와 판별할 수 있었다.