Strategic item export control aims to maintain international peace and safety and serves as a significant nuclear non-proliferation regime that directly impacts a nation’s security. Therefore, establishing an autonomous export control system at the state level is crucial, and one of the most efficient methods to achieve this is by enhancing an export company’s management system. Accordingly, many advanced countries, such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, have operated their own internal compliance programs (CP or ICP) to manage and screen the export of strategic items as a corporate social responsibility and risk mitigation measure. In Korea, which has a high dependence on trade, the need for CP was continuously confirmed, but the system was introduced in 2004, relatively late compared to other advanced countries. So far, the Korean government has made steady efforts to develop and establish the system and is actively encouraging businesses to obtain Compliance Program certification to autonomously manage strategic items. Major technologically advanced countries utilize technology transfer as a tool for economic sanctions, trade security, and strategic technology management, and they continue to strengthen their control regimes. In these countries, CP certification is considered a standard practice for export control among mid-sized and large enterprises. It serves as a vital risk management system that protects companies from unforeseen incidents. However, in Korea, the application of CP under the Foreign Trade Act is limited to dual-use items and does not extend to the nuclear export control system. Therefore, this paper analyzes international cases and CP requirements in countries like the United States, Japan, Europe, and Singapore. As a result of the review, the application of CP into Korea’s nuclear export control could be a coexistence means that can strengthen supply chain control as well as provide benefits not to impede technical research, international trade, and exchanges.

The Internal Compliance Program (ICP) is a framework for promoting compliance with laws and regulations and minimizing violations. It aims to prevent law breaches, by raising awareness of the compliance within the organization, which leads to enhance the credibility of the organization, and to prepare for audits. From the perspective of nuclear export control, ICP can be used to verify the company’s credibility by following NSG Guidelines and is expected to contribute to preventing the vertical and horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons in the international community. However, ICP system is not globally established, and the NSG does not provide official guidelines for ICP. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the “Good Practices for Internal Compliance Programs for Nuclear and Nuclear-Related Exports” provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to find ways to apply and activate ICPs for domestic exporters. The form of ICP could vary depending on company’s size and internal environments, but it should be organized as follows. First, an internal department should be established so as to implement the ICP, and an executive who has export control knowledge should be assigned as the Chief Export Control Officer (CECO). The CECO, establish and revise ICP operating procedures and manual, organize contact point to communicate internally and externally. Second, measures should be established minimize risks in the export process, including business development transaction screening, supply chain, research and development, human resource, and intangible technology transfer risks. Third, internal control system should be established for export control compliance. The CECO should conduct regular assessments to ensure compliance and strengthen the organization’s internal export compliance processes. Fourth, an export-related training program should be periodically conducted for employees. In addition, as soon as the CECO becomes aware of, CECO should review the matter, take corrective action, and report to the relevant national authorities, when a violation of domestic export control laws or suspicious circumstances are captured. Nuclear export control plays an important role in ensuring nuclear nonproliferation. Republic of Korea has been implementing the ICP system for Dual-Use Items under the Foreign Trade Act, but not for Trigger List Items. Therefore, introduction of ICP for Trigger List Items is expected significantly contribute to nuclear nonproliferation. The subjects of ICP will be initially targeted to major nuclear enterprises, then gradually expanded to all nuclear enterprises. Further researches are needed to introduce on ICP for Trigger List Items.

게임 아이템 불법 매매 및 음란사이트 이용 등의 사이버 이용에 대한 처벌이 강화되 고 있는데 반해, 청소년의 무분별한 이용은 여전히 증가하고 있다. 특히 보호관찰대상 청소년의 이와 같은 사이버 일탈의 비행문제에 대한 실증연구를 통해 보호관찰대상 청소년의 비행 및 문제 행동의 예방책을 강구하고자 이 연구에서는 보호관찰 대상 청 소년의 사이버 일탈에 대한 영향요인을 법준수 인식과 자기통제력의 요인을 검증하고 자 하였다. 이를 위하여 2018년 한국형사법무정책연구원의 『소년원생의 안정적 사회 정착을 위한 실태조사 및 정책지원 방안 연구』의 패널데이터 1차 자료를 활용하였다. 총 463개의 자료를 중심으로 하되, 주요변수의 무응답 또는 결측값이 높은 변수들을 제외하고 총 459명의 자료를 활용하여 최종분석에 활용하였다. SPSS 28.0ver 통계프 로그램을 활용하여 주요변수들의 빈도분석, 교차분석, 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였고, 최 종분석으로 보호관찰 대상 청소년의 사이버 일탈에 대한 영향요인 검증을 위한 로지 스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 자기통제력은 사이버 일탈의 영향요인으로 나타나지 않았으나, 법준수 인식이 사이버 일탈에 유의미한 영향관계로 나타났다. 법준 수 인식이 높을수록 유의미하게 사이버 일탈을 하지 않는 것으로 나타나, 게임 아이템 불법 거래와 음란사이트 이용 등이 법에 저촉될 수 있는 행위임을 강조한 법준수 인식 교육이 보호관찰 대상 청소년에게 강화될 필요가 있다.