In the geological disposal system whose host rock is crystalline rock, fractures play a significant role in the safety assessment as they are the main pathway of the radionuclide migration. From the perspective of long-term safety assessment, the properties of fractures can be changed by tectonic movement such as earthquake, uplift, etc. In general, methods for simulating fractures include Discrete Fracture Network (DFN), which directly simulates the fracture surface, and Equivalent Continuous Porous Media (ECPM), which is equivalent to the ratio of the fractures in a certain rock volume. DFN is generally appropriate for deterministic fractures with large scale and high flow velocity, but ECPM may be more appropriate for small scale and sporadically distributed stochastic fractures because the flow velocity is slow and thus the rock matrix diffusion needs to be considered. In fact, several commercial software, such as FracMan, are already in use to convert DFN to ECPM. However, in order to consider the change in properties of fractures due to tectonic movement in the long-term safety assessment, a model that converts DFN to ECPM needs to be modularized and embedded into the safety assessment model. In this study, therefore, an in-house MATLAB code was developed to convert DFN to ECPM, which can be used as a submodule. The algorithm of converting from DFN to ECPM basically followed the Oda’s method. As the first step of the algorithm, in order to obtain the volume ratio of the fracture in a certain mesh element, the cross-sectional area of the fracture and the mesh element was calculated. Then, porosities of each mesh element were calculated as the volume fraction of fractures passing through the mesh element. Based on the Oda’s method, the permeability tensors of each mesh element were calculated by using an empirical fracture tensor which is weighted by the cross-sectional area and transmissivity of each fracture. Finally, the newly developed module was verified by a benchmark test, in which the ECPM results converted from a certain DFN data by using the numerical module developed in this study were compared with those by using FracMan. The newly developed module will be installed in the process-based total system performance assessment framework (APro) being developed by KAERI.

최근 언론을 통해 보도된 성폭력범죄의 대다수는 성폭력범죄를 저지른 전력이 있는 자들에 의해 이루어진 것이다. 성폭력범죄자들이 계속하여 동종범죄를 저지르는 주목할 만한 이유 중 하나는 친고죄인 성폭력범죄에 있어 피해자들이 고소하지 않는 경우에는 검사가 공소를 제기할 수 없으므로 범죄자들이 처벌받지 않는다는 것을 알고 있다는 점에 있다. 이들이 범한 성폭력범죄 중 피해자와 합의하거나 피해자가 피해사실을 고소하지 않아 처벌받지 않은 경험이 그들의 향후 성폭력범죄를 조장한 것이다. 따라서 성폭력범죄에 대한 처벌의 확실성 측면에서 현행법상 친고죄로 규정되어 있는 성폭력범죄를 전면적으로 비친고죄화 해야 한다. 현행법상 성폭력범죄를 친고죄로 규정한 이유는 피해자의 명예 또는 프라이버시 보호에서 찾는다. 그러나, 현행법상 일부 성폭력범죄는 비친고죄인 점과, 성폭력범죄는 반복적으로 이루어지는 경향이 강하다는 점을 고려할 때, 고소권자가 고소를 하지 않아 처벌을 면하게 된 성폭력 범죄자는 또 다른 피해자 사냥에 나서 성폭력범죄의 피해자의 재생산을 막지 못한다는 점에서, 성폭력범죄의 예방이라는 공공의 이익을 위해 성폭력범죄는 비친고죄로 하여야 한다. 이에 의해 성폭력범죄의 필벌을 통한 형벌의 일반예방과 특별예방의 효과의 실효성을 누려야 한다. 다만, 성폭력범죄를 비친고죄로 전면 개정하는 경우에도 현행 법률이 성폭력범죄를 친고죄로 규정함으로써 피해자의 명예 또는 사생활을 보호하려 한 취지는 보호할 필요가 있다. 즉, 성폭력범죄의 수사절차와 재판절차에서 일어날 수 있는 성폭력범죄 피해자의 2차 피해를 막기 위해 범죄피해자의 신상비밀 보호규정의 실효성을 확보할 것, 미국 연방강간피해자방지법(FRE) 제412조 규정을 참고하여 당해 성폭력사건과 무관한 성폭력피해자의 성관계 이력 등의 증거사용 제한 규정을 신설할 것, 성폭력범죄 피해자에게 인정되는 형사소송법 및 특별법상 권리를 실질적으로 보장하기 위해 권리고지규정을 신설할 것 등이 필요하다.

Cell based grid data of future temperature and precipitation produced with four RCP scenarios were converted into polygon based data for administrative districts using three simple vectorizing methods; (1) KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based, (2) areal ratio based and (3) central point based methods. The results were compared the existed KMA areal weight based methods to identify which methods were more efficient than others. Simple statistical methods such descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and Bland & Altman plots (B&A) were used to compare agreements between them. When central point and areal ratio based methods were applied to administrative districts of Eup-Myeon-Dong or some Gus, NULLs were found because their sizes are smaller than the cell of 1x1 km. Therefore, KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based methods were better when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the cell size. For Do and Metropolitan cities, there were no greater differences among methods except for the KMA Dong- Nae forecast points. The greater the areas of administrative districts the more distortions from the KMA Dong-Nae forecast points because only KMA Dong-Nae forecast one point were used for the calculation. In conclusion, the KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based method was appropriate when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the grid cell. For the greater areal sizes such as Do and Metropolitan cities, areal ratio and central point based methods were better.