커피박 (spent coffee grounds, SCG)은 커피 산업 전 과정에서 대량으로 발생하는 부산물로, 대부분 소각 혹은 매립을 통해 처리되어 환경적, 경제적 부담을 초래한다. 그러나 SCG는 폴리페놀과 플 라보노이드를 비롯한 다양한 생리활성 성분을 함유하고 있어 기능성 소재로 활용 가능성이 크다. 본 연 구에서는 80% 에탄올 용매를 사용하여 SCGE (spent coffee grounds 80% ethanol extract, SCGE)을 확보한 후, 그 항산화, 항균 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, SCGE는 221.31 TAE mg/g의 폴 리페놀과 321.66 QE mg/g 플라보노이드 함량을 보였으며, 이는 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성과 유의한 상관성을 나타내었다. 또한 SCGE는 여드름 원인균인 Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)에 대한 항균 활성을 보였으며, RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 LPS 및 C. acnes 자극으로 유도된 염증 반응을 억제 하였다. 특히, nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제와 더불어 iNOS 및 COX-2 단백질 발현 감소가 확인되었 다. 나아가 SCGE을 함유한 에멀전 제형은 안정적인 물리적, 화학적 특성을 보여 화장품 소재로서의 적 용 가능성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 SCGE가 항산화, 항균 및 항염증 활성을 동시에 갖춘 지속 가 능한 기능 화장품 원료로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Acneiform eruptions are skin diseases that mimic acne vulgaris but lacking typical follicular blockage features. Acne vulgaris and some granulomatous variants of acneiform eruptions can involve Cutibacterium acnes, an anaerobic opportunistic bacterium; however, some cases remain resistant to standard antibiotics treatments. We report a 56-year-old male with facial acneiform granulomas unresponsive to long-term antibiotic and steroid treatments. The patient had no history of additional medications or other diseases, except symptomatic apical periodontitis in a molar toot. Both facial skin and dental lesions shared a key finding, intracellular infection of C. acnes within macrophages, despite differing histopathological features. The facial acneiform eruptions did not respond to initial minocycline treatment. However, following extraction of the infected tooth, the facial granuloma responded to the antibiotics and resolved without complications. PCR analysis confirmed C. acnes DNA in both the dental and skin biopsies. This case indicates the C. acnes-associated oral-skin-microbiome axis although a direct causal link between the distinct lesions could not be fully established. Odontogenic infection may act as reservoirs, impairing efficacy of antibiotic treatment. We recommend dental evaluation for case of facial acneiform granulomas that do not respond to antibiotics alone.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) against Cutibacterium acnes (6 strains) and Staphylococcus aureus (6 strains). The antimicrobial activity of the mangosteen extract was evaluated based on its minimal bactericidal concentration. Cytotoxicity of the mangosteen extract against human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells was determined using the cell counting method. The data showed that the mangosteen extract was not toxic to HEK 293 cells at a concentration of up to 16 μg/mL and killed 87.0% and 99.9% of C. acnes and S. aureus after 10 minutes and 1 hour of treatment, respectively. These results suggest that ethanol extract of mangosteen can be used as an anti-acne agent.