본 연구는 통계청 농림어업통계자료, 농가경제조사, 농업경영체 DB 등 3개의 상이한 자료를 이용하여 쌀 소득보전직불제의 생산연계효과를 분석한다. 구체적으로는 전년도 쌀 고정직불금과 변동직불금 수취액이 당년도 재배면적 증가를 유발하는지에 대하여 전체 농가와 다양한 농가유형으로 구분하여 검정한다. 이를 위하여 쌀 재배면적을 종속변수로 하고 독립변수로 전년도 재배면적, 고정직불금, 변동직 불금, 쌀 가격, 농촌노임 등을 포함하여 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 고정직불금의 경우 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 반면, 변동직불금은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나 생산연계효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 농가유형별 생산연계효과를 분석한 결과에서도 모든 유형의 농가에 대해서 변동직불금 지급이 쌀 재배면적 증대를 유발할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 연도가 지날수록 변동직불금이 차년도 재배면적 증가에 미치는 영향은 점점 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 재배면적의 증가는 쌀 가격의 하락으로 이어지고 이는 정부의 차년도 변동직불금 지급액 증가를 가져와서 WTO한도를 초과할 우려가 있다. 따라서 향후 직불제는 생산유발효과가 없는 고정직불금을 확대하고 변동직불금은 축소하되 수입보장보험 등 추가적인 소득안정제도의 도입을 제안한다.

농업 직불제는 농가의 소득 및 경영안정, 농업의 공익성 달성을 위해 정부가 생산자에게 직접 보조금을 지불하는 제도로 최근에는 소득 및 경영안정 기능에 집중되어 있는 우리나라의 직불제와 달리 유럽연합, 스위스, 등의 농업 직 불제 선진국에서는 농업의 소득 및 경영안정의 기능뿐만 아니라 농업의 공익적 기능 및 다원성을 강조하는 다양한 직불제도가 마련되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라와 농업직불제와 주요 선진국인 유럽연합과 스위스, 코스타리 카 등의 사례를 조사하고 비교 분석하여 국내 농업직불제의 방향성을 제시하기 위해 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 우선 우리나라와 해외의 농업직불제도 현 황에 대해 순차적으로 검토했다. 이때 연구 방법은 기존의 농업직불제의 현황과 관련한 선행연구를 검토했다. 검토 결 과 주로 농업직불제를 시행하고 있는 유럽연합, 스위스, 미 국 등이 우리나라가 벤치마킹을 해야 할 나라였고, 일본은 우리나라 현황과 비슷하다는 점에서 의미하는 바가 크다고 볼 수 있다. 이런 결과를 바탕으로 우리나라와 해외 제도를 검토함으로써 농업직불제의 현재 운영 및 유형 그리고 상호 준수체계, 농업직불제의 예산을 비교하고 이에 대한 효과를 성과와 공익적 목표의 달성을 기준으로 매트릭스 분석 방법 을 통해 분석했다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 우리나 라의 농업직불제는 쌀이라는 단일 품목에 집중되어 있는데 비해 유럽연합, 스위스는 농가의 여건에 따라 다양한 직불 제가 제시되었다. 다음으로, 유럽연합과 스위스는 각각 상 호준수요건, 생태성과증명 등을 명시해 농가마다 환경지불 을 위한 조건을 명시하고 있는 반면 우리나라는 별도의 조 건이 마련되지 않았다. 때문에 농가에 대한 구체적인 점검 이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 그리고 농업직불제 선진국과 달 리 우리나라의 농업직불금은 전체 농업예산에서 차지하는 비중이 미미할 뿐만 아니라 농업직불금이 농가소득에서 차 지하는 비율이 4.2%에 불과해 큰 비중을 차지하지 못하고 있다. 이런 점을 바탕으로 본 논문에서는 우리나라의 농업 직불제의 정책적인 개선방안을 제시했다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 조건 및 생태직불제를 도입하여 농민에게 추가적인 인센티브를 제공하여 동기부 여를 하고 중앙정부와 지방자치단체 사이의 기본직불, 조건 직불 시행을 통한 연계 강화로 농업직불제의 정책적, 재정 적 한계에 대한 대책을 마련함으로써 ‘공익형 농업직불제를 활성화’라는 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to estimate farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) of direct payment for increasing public benefit using the contingent valuation method. The double-bounded dichotomous choice and the open-ended question were used to measure WTAs for basic form and optional form, respectively. The results show that WTA for basic form was inversely proportional to the acreage. WTAs were KRW 1,694,001 with 2 ha or less, KRW 1,617,789 with over 2 ha~6 ha, and KRW 1,562,977 with over 6 ha. The results also indicate that WTAs for optional form are similar to payments of agricultural environmental conservation program except physical (chemical) control of pests and weed. The results of this study can provide useful information for the establishment of direct payment for increasing public benefit.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of recognition of the actual conditions, performances, problems and issues of the Direct Payment Program for Rural Landscape Conservation(DPPRLC) between interest groups who are residents, officials and experts. In the results of this study, there were differences in awareness of DPPRLC depending on interest groups and whether the program participation. It is determined to be caused the limitations of the program that the target district farmers recognised the program as a source of income and seldom act to manage the rural landscape except cultivating "landscape crops". Therefore, the efforts will be demanded to clarify and share the goals, contents of the project. The following measures are proposed in this study for the direction of improvement of DPPRLC: First, the various efforts are needed to overcome the differences on the interest group's recognition for goals, contents, performance of the Direct Payment Program for rural landscape conservation. Second, it is needed to conduct the program based on the rural landscape plan and participant's capabilities. Third, the various programs to attract voluntary participation from residents should be implemented. Forth, it demands the entrusted implementation to professional organizations to support resident's voluntary activities of surveying rural landscape resources, planning rural landscape conservation, execution of village landscape conservation, etc. Fifth, the various programs to strengthen participant's capabilities should be implemented.

The Direct Payment Program for Rural Landscape Conservation (DPPRLC), introduced by the Korean government, currently offers subsidies to rural villages to encourage the growing of flower crops or wild flowers instead of common grain. However, in many of these villages, major landscape elements like walls and roofs of houses are built with cheap, urban materials, and kept in poor condition. This is a poor reflection of the DPPRLC goal to improve the aesthetic of korean rural landscape. This study surveyed and analyzed traditional style walls and roofs in ten selected villages taking part in the DPPRLC program. Villagers were interviewed for a proposed direct payment program for building and maintaining traditional walls and roofs. Major findings are: First, more than 86% of residents are willing to build and maintain traditional walls if subsidies are given. They would like to be reimbursed 75% to 100% of construction and maintenance costs. Second, about 64% of residents would be willing to build and maintain traditional roofs with the subsidies. They also would like to receive 75% to 100% of construction and maintenance costs. The policy implication of this study is that extending the DPPRLC program to include walls and roofs in rural villages will make rural landscape more attractive.

Recently the program of direct payment for rural landscape conservation attracts great interests as it may help disadvantaged rural people. Recognized the effect of the program to improve the rural landscape and economy, it has been suggested that the program of direct payment for rural landscape conservation should be expanded. This paper presents the measures and status of Environmental Stewardship, the direct payment program for landscape conservation in England, as following; 1) rural development policies in UK organized under EU, 2) measures and agreements for rural landscape management, 3) the statues of ES enforcement. We sampled a pilot farm, surveyed inside and outside landscape of the farm, and interviewed local government officers and farmers in order to find policy implication.

The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is applied to estimate the landscape value of Jeju mandarin(orchard). A distribution-free approach, Turnbull empirical distribution model, is employed to solve negative willingness to pay and truncation problems. The data used are collected from the interviews with tourist about willingness-to-pay at the various donation amount levels of Jeju mandarin(orchard)'s landscape value. The evaluation result is shown that the average amount of willingness to pay for the Jeju mandarin's landscape value is 12,926 won per person with standard deviation of 1,874.7 won/person. When the number of Jeju visitors is considered, the economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape rises every year(2005:64.89 billion won, 2011: 84.43 billion won). The average economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape are estimated 59.65 billion won during 2000-2005 and 76.88 billion won during 2006-2011, respectively.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of operating the Direct Payment Program for Rural Landscape Preservation and to derive the way of improvement based on case study for three areas in Bonghwa-gun, Cheongwon-gun, Hongseong-gun. The most important factor for the program is farmer's consciousness and positive participation of the farmer who are the subject of this project. Even if farmers are not satisfied with the amount of direct payment income, they try to create income by utilizing landscape preservation crops. Particularly current unit payment dose not surpass the for the crops farm operating costs and payment time is not appropriate for the farming cycle. Hence, it needs to be considered increasing unit payment and rearranging the payment time. Also, we need to introduce incentive system based the degree of fulfillment of the Direct Payment Program in each areas. In general the Direct Payment Program for Rural Landscape Preservation has potentiality to contribute farmer's income stability and the vitalization of region with three revisions.

The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is applied to estimate the landscape value of Jeju Island's stonewall fencing farming land. A distribution-free approach, Turnbull empirical distribution model, is employed to solve negative willingness to pay and truncation problems. The data used are collected from the interviews with tourist about willingness-to-pay at the various donation amount levels of Jeju stonewall's landscape value. The evaluation result is shown that the average amount of willingness to pay for the Jeju stonewall fencing farming land is 3,001 won per meter with standard deviation of 511.0 won/m.

The purpose of this study is to develop the landscape resource assessment system(LRAS) to help evaluate the value of landscape resources(Jeju Island's Stonewall fencing farming land) for the introduction of direct payment system of the landscape preservation objectively and to applicate the model in the fields. Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts shows that the order of priority among value evaluation elements on Jeju's stonewall is its harmony with surroundings(34%), the preservation of its original state(34%) and its density and scale(32%). Evaluation system development of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing filming land) and field observation survey utilizing it consists of the following five steps. Step 1 includes the first Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to decide its value evaluation elements and their priority. Step 2 is the second Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to grade pictures of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing farming land) on the basis of expert-proposed value evaluation standards. Step 3 consists of analysis work using the result of Delphi survey on experts. Step 4 is to select five grade standard pictures according to each of three grading elements of A, B, C belonging to each of the three standards. Then, it is necessary to make panels including five A-grade pictures, five B-grade pictures and five C-grade pictures according to each of the three elements of density, harmony, and original state preservation. Step 5 consists of field observation survey. According to the result of few experts' value evaluation of stonewall fencing farming land with the aid of NRAS developed in this research, the area of Pyeongdae-ri is ranked first, and then the area of Bukcheon-ri, Chocheon-up, the area of Gwakgi-ri, Ewol-up, the area of Shinum-ri, Ewol-up and the area of Yongsu-ri, hankyung-Myun are ranked in the order named. When those areas are graded, A Grade Areas includes the areas of Pyeongdae-ri, the area of Bukcheon-ri, the area of Gwakgi-ri, B Grade Areas consist of the area of Shinum-ri and the area of Yongsu-ri, and the areas of Onpyeong, wimi and youngrak belong to C Grade Area.

The direct payment program for rural landscape conservation in practice since 2005. Recently it is the policy or plan of direct payment for rural landscape conservation attracts great interests as they may help rural people who are very disadvantaged. This paper presents the status of the direct payment program for landscape conservation in rural area and proposed improvements to the program as following; 1) to diversify the plant species, 2) to include other rural elements than plants, 3) to enlarge the areas of crop plantation, 4) to simplify and clarify application process. We sampled two pilot programs, one of spring flower crop and the other of autumn flower crop, and questionnaire surveyed visitors, local government officers and farmers in order to find problems and suggest improvements.