This study analyzes the discourse marker (henceforth DM)1) actually in college English textbooks (henceforth CETs) which have been most commonly used in college general English curricula in Korea. Based upon seven discourse functions of the DM actually used by native speakers in everyday language use, I analyze whether they are well represented in the CETs. The findings showed that although six functions of this marker were adequately presented in the CETs, their frequencies were somewhat dissimilar to each other: their uses as an informative marker and a contradiction marker were observed the most frequently, whereas their use as a disagreement-prefacing marker was observed the least frequently. In addition, their use as a topic-shift marker did not appear in the CETs. In addition, the DM actually appeared differently, depending on the CETs’ level. For instance, the frequency of actually was quite low at the beginner level as compared to actually at the advanced level, which resulted in interpretations that advanced-level students may use the DM actually more than low-level students. It is expected that this study can deepen our understanding regarding discourse markers and broaden relevant research field for the future.

Nam, Sin-Hye. 2015. “The Discourse Functions of Code Switching on SNS texts : focusing on the case of Facebook”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(1). 31~53. This study aims to figure out the discourse functions of code switching which appears in the texts posted on SNS, especially Facebook. In order to satisfy this purpose, this study observed and analysed several individual timeline pages whose owners have a plural language background, but live in a monolingual society. The results are as follows. First, a lot of code switching examples appeared in the observed texts, even though the writer lived in a monolingual society. Second, the unmarked code of the individual writers was their mother language and it was chosen when the posting was about the writer's everyday life and appeared as a longer passage. Third, when the writers chose their marked code, they had at least four particular reasons that were related to discourse functions; including or excluding a particular reader, using more effective words, emphasizing or watering down the implications of the text, and changing the speech act or topic. Finally, these results show that the community on SNS is closer to a plural lingual society rather than a closed monolingual community. On SNS, the users act as if they live in a multi lingual space and perform as plural linguals, although, in the reality, they live in a very monolingual society. And this is one of the important characteristics of a SNS discourse community.

]ung, Woo-hyun 2009 The Funcbons of the Enghsh Utterance of fIghtmg’ m Korean Dlscourse πJe Soαolmguzstzc Joumal 01 Korea lη2) Trus study exammes the functIons of the Enghsh utterance, fIghtmg', m Korean chscourse, Wlth specIal attentIon to how and when trus expreSSlon IS employed by Korean natIve speakers To trus end, trus study collected data from naturally occumng sltuatlOns and the scnpts of some TV programs The res띠ts showed that the expreSSlon, fightmg', fulfIlls the pnmary functlOn of encouragmg the addressee, and that tlns PIVOtal functIon IS extended to such functIons as Wlsrung, congratulatmg, thankmg, prorrusmg, consolmg, beggmg, and leave-takmg, but not to as fIllmg a pause The fmchngs of the study corroborated the wldely-held c1rum that an utterance can fulfl11 plunva1ent functIons The study a1so mamfested other features fzghtmg' can be verba1ιed， lt can or cannot be responded, lt can be employed recIProca11y, and lt can be used to rughly va1ue a trung as well as a person These results WJll surely shed hght on the study of mscourse functIona1 pers야ctIve of Enghsh loan-words m Kor，않n chscourse, thus, leachng to a better understanchng of the natlVlzatlOn of Enghsh mto another language

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Discourse Markers (DMs) used by NNETs (non-native English Teacher) and NETs (native English Teacher). DMs play a significant role in communication to develop ideas and to relate them to one another. Four sub-objectives of the present study were: (1) How do non-native English teachers differ from native English teachers in their most frequent use of DMs (2) What is the most frequently used DM and how frequently does it occur in both groups, (3) What are the prevailing functions of the DMs employed in both groups, and (4) What are the implications for teaching L2 learners and the training of Korean English teachers? The encoded DMs offer a reservoir of DMs from six NETs and NNETs teachers` DM usages when teaching in class. The data were based on the video recorded data analysis performed by six NETs and six NNETs at a Korean university. First, they were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and then classified according to Brinton`s (1996) inventory of items and Schiffrin`s (1987) classification. It is concluded that both NNETs and NETs more frequently consider coherent discourse by using DMs in an interactive situation that requires speakers to draw upon communicative knowledge and pragmatic resources. This may be because NNETs and NETs have different normative pragmatics (Sellars, 1969) of language. Therefore, more research and attention should be redirected to DMs to emphasize pragmatic use of English in teachers` training programs.