순수한 Rutile에서 점결함의 형태와 전기적 특성을 연구하기 위해 1~10-23atm의 산소분압 범위 및 700~1300˚C의 온도 범위에서 전기전도도를 측정하였다. 전기전도도의 산소분압 의존성(logσ/logPo2)으로부터 산소분압 및 온도 변화에 따라 다음과 같은 지배적인 결함들을 제안한다. 1) TinO2n-1, 2)침입형 Ti 이온 3)2가로 하전된 산소빈자리 4)불순물에 의해 형성된 2가로 하전된 산소빈자리 5) n-p전이 및 p형 전도 또한, 고유범위의 실험결과로부터 계산한 Ti와 Vo의 결함형성 엔탈피는 각각, 10.2eV와 4.92eV였다.

산소분압과 온도변화에 따라 비양론성 rutile(TiO2-x)의 결함모델을 전기전도 측정법에 의해 연구하였다. 산소분압과 전기전도도의 상관관계에 의하면, rutile에서 주결함은 2가로 하전된 산소빈자리와 4가로 하전된 침입형 티타늄이온이다. 1170˚C이상의 온도에서는 침입형 Tii…이온이 지배적인 결함이었으나, 1170˚C이하의 낮은 산소분압대에서는 2가로 하전된 산소빈자리가 주된 결함이었다. rutile의 전기전도 실험에서 제안된 결함모델은 본 연구팀이 O18추적자 확산실험에 의해 제안하였던 결과치와 일치하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to provide information on planting construction for healthy plant growth. To achieve this purpose, this study analyzed the planting type, planting density, withering rate, soil characteristics, and cambium electrical resistance (CER) of withered trees in an apartment complex with a high withering rate. The major plant groups examined consisted of native broad-leaved tree species (39.3%), native narrow-leaved tree species (24.2%), and native broad-leaved– exotic narrow-leaved tree species (16.4%). The planting density of the green area, where trees were planted from 0.0 to 0.3 trees per unit area, was measured as 98.4%. Withered trees were found in 19 of the 20 planted species, and the withering rate was 41.8% (610 withered/1,461 planted). Withering rates for tree species were measured as follows: Sophora japonica and Salix babylonica (100.0%), Magmolia denudata (84.3%), Lindera obtusiloba (74.7%), cornus kousa (69.3%), acer triflorum (69.2%), diospyros kaki (66.7%), Prunus yedoensis (62.8%), Acer palmatum (52.6%), Prunus armeniaca (51.1%), Chaenomeles sinensis (43.7%), Ginkgo biloba (40.9%), Zelkova serrata (31.0%), Cornus officinalis (28.6%), Taxus cuspidata (25.6%), Pinus densiflora (21.4%), Pinus parviflora (15.2%), Pinus strobus (14.6%), and Abies holophylla (10.3%). Soil chemical analyses for 18 samples revealed that as the withering rate increased, the following occurred: (a) the ratio of silt and clay in soil increased; (b) the soil pH, organic matter rate, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in samples were graded as “inadequate,” based on the plant grading evaluation; and (c) the NaCl and cation exchange capacity were evaluated as “somewhat satisfactory.” The measurement of CER for withering rate shows electrical resistance for higher withering rate are higher, which could predict that a tree will not grow well.