The effect of intercritical annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-9Mn-0.2C- 3Al-0.5Si medium manganese steels containing Cu and Ni is investigated in this study. Six kinds of medium manganese steels are fabricated by varying the chemical composition and intercritical annealing temperature. Hardness and tensile tests are performed to examine the correlation of microstructure and mechanical properties for the intercritical annealed medium manganese steels containing Cu and Ni. The microstructures of all the steels are composed mostly of lath ferrite, reverted austenite and cementite, regardless of annealing temperature. The room-temperature tensile test results show that the yield and tensile strengths decrease with increasing intercritical annealing temperature due to higher volume fraction and larger thickness of reverted austenite. On the other hand, total and uniform elongations, and strain hardening exponent increase due to higher dislocation density because transformation-induced plasticity is promoted with increasing annealing temperature by reduction in reverted austenite stability.

In this study, an Al-0.7wt%Fe-0.2wt%Mg-0.2wt%Cu-0.02wt%B alloy was designed to fabricate an aluminum alloy for electrical wire having both high strength and high conductivity. The designed Al alloy was processed by casting, extrusion and drawing processes. Especially, the drawing process was done by severe deformation of a rod with an initial diameter of 12 mm into a wire of 2 mm diameter; process was equivalent to an effective strain of 3.58, and the total reduction in area was 97 %. The drawn Al alloy wire was then annealed at various temperatures of 200 to 400 °C for 30 minutes. The mechanical properties, microstructural changes and electrical properties of the annealed specimens were investigated. As the annealing temperature increased, the tensile strength decreased and the elongation increased. Recovery or/and recrystallization occurred as annealing temperature increased, and complete recrystallization occurred at annealing temperatures over 300 °C. Electric conductivity increased with increasing temperature up to 250 °C, but no significant change was observed above 300 °C. It is concluded that, from the viewpoint of the mechanical and electrical properties, the specimen annealed at 350 oC is the most suitable for the wire drawn Al alloy electrical wire.

We investigate the microstructural and magnetic property changes of DyH2, Cu + DyH2, and Al + DyH2 diffusion-treated NdFeB sintered magnets with the post annealing (PA) temperature. The coercivity of all the diffusiontreated magnets increases with increasing heat treatment temperature except at 910oC, where it decreases slightly. Moreover, at 880oC, the coercivity increases by 3.8 kOe in Cu and 4.7 kOe in Al-mixed DyH2-coated magnets, whereas this increase is relatively low (3.0 kOe) in the magnet coated with only DyH2. Both Cu and Al have an almost similar effect on the coercivity improvement, particularly over the heat treatment temperature range of 790-880oC. The diffusivity and diffusion depth of Dy increases in those magnets that are treated with Cu or Al-mixed DyH2, mainly because of the comparatively easy diffusion path provided by Cu and Al owing to their solubility in the Nd-rich grain boundary phase. The formation of a highly anisotropic (Nd, Dy)2Fe14B phase layer, which acts as the shell in the core-shell-type structure so as to prevent the reverse domain movement, is the cause of enhanced coercivity of diffusion-treated Nd-Fe-B magnets.

Two atomized alloy powders were pre-compacted by cold and subsequently hot forged at temperatures ranging from 653K to 845K. The addition of Cu and Mg causes a decrease in the eutectic reaction temperature of Al-10Si-5Fe-1Zr alloy from 841K to 786K and results in a decrease of flow stress at the given forging temperature. TEM observation revealed that in addition to Al-Fe based intermetallics, Al2Cu and Al2CuMg intermetallics appeared. The volume fraction of intermetallic dispersoids increased by the addition of Cu and Mg. Compressive strength of the present alloys was closely related to the volume fraction of intermetallic dispersoids.

We report the crystallization and magnetic properties of non-equilibrium alloy powders produced by rod-milling as well as by new chemical leaching. X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to characterize the as-milled and leached specimens. After 400 h or 500 h milling, only the broad peaks of nano bcc crystalline phases were detected in the XRD patterns. The crystallite size, the peak and the crystallization temperatures increased with increasing Fe. After being annealed at for 1 h for as-milled alloy powders, the peaks of bcc are observed. After being annealed at for 1 h for leached specimens, these non-equi-librium phases transformed into fcc Cu and phases for the x=0.25 specimen, and into bcc phases for both the x=0.50 and the x=0.75 specimens. The saturation magnetization decreased with increasing milling time for alloy powders. On cooling the leached specimens from ,\;the magnetization first sharply increase at about for x=0.25, x=0.50, and x=0.75 specimens, repectively.

We report the structure, thermal and magnetic properties of a non-equilibrium alloy powder produced by rod milling and chemical leaching. An X-ray diffractometry(XRD), a transmission electron microscope(TEM), a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), and superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID) were utilized to characterize the as-milled and leaching specimens. The crystallite size reached a value of about 8.82 nm. In the DSC experiment, the peak temperatures and crystallization temperatures decreased with increasing milling time. The activation energy of crystallization is 200.5 kJ/mole for as-milled alloy powder. The intensities of the XRD peaks of as-milled powders associated with the bcc type structure formative at sharply increase with increasing annealing temperature. Above , peaks alloted to and are observed. After annealing at for 1h, the leached Ll specimen transformed into bcc -Fe and fcc Cu phases, accompanied by a change in the structural and magnetic properties. The saturation magnetization decreased with increasing milling time, and a value of about 8.42 emu/g was reached at 500 h of milling. The coercivity reached a maximum value of about 142.7 Oe after 500 h of milling. The magnetization of leached specimens as function of fields were higher at 5 K, and increased more sharply at 5 K than at 100 K.

본 연구는 Mn-Al 합금계에서 τ상의 분율이 가장 높은 기준 조성을 결정하고 이 기준 조성중 Mn 원자의 일부를 Cu와 Fe 원자로 치환하였을 때 τ상의 안정성과 자기적 성질의 변화를 조사하엿다. Mn-Al 합금계에서 τ상의 분률과 자기적 특성이 가장 높은 조성은 Mn0.56Al0.44이었다. Mn0.56-XMxAl0.44 합금계의 결정구조는 M=Cu의 경우, 노냉시편과 소둔시편은 x ≤ 0.08 범위에서 τ상과 β-Mn상이 나타났고, 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.12 범위에서는 τ상과 κ상이 나타났으며, 0.15 ≤ 0.20 범위에서는 κ상만이 존재하였다. 급속응고시편은 x=0.04에서 ε상과 τ상이 공존하였고, x=0.06 및 x=0.08에서는 κ상과 τ상이 공존하였으며 x=0.12와 x=0.20에서는 κ 상만이 존재하였다. M=Fe의 경우, 노냉시편은 x< 0.08 범위에서 τ상, β-Mn상 및 γ2상이 나타났고, x > 0.10 범위에서는 κ상과 β-Mn</TEX>상이 나타났다. 급속응고시편은 x ≤ 범위에서는 ε상과 γ2상이 나타났지만, 미량의 τ상과 κ상도 존재함을 알 수 있었다. X=0.12와 x=0.20에서는 κ상만이 존재하엿다. Mn0.56Al0.44 합금에서 노냉시편과 소둔시편의 포화자화값은 40-45(emu/g)이었으며 curie 온도는 약 650K였다. 급속응고 시편의 포화자화값은 약 50-52(emu/g), Curie 온도는 약 644K엿다. 소둔시편 및 급냉리본 모두 큰 잔류자화/포화자화 비(~0.7)를 나타냈으며, 특히 급냉리본의 경우 77K에서 큰 잔류자화값(~48emu/g)을 보여주었다. Mn0.56-XMxAl0.44 합금계의 자기장에 따른 자화값의 변화는 강자성이 형태를 보여주었고 자화값은 강자성과 τ상과 κ상의 분율에 따라 결정되며 M=Cu일때, 최대자발자화값은 x=0.15에서 약 64.5(emu/g)이었다. M=Fe일 때 자화값은 x=0.15에서 최대자발자화값(σ0.0=66.4emu/g)이 나타났으며 τ상 영역에서의 값보다 높았다. Curie 온도는 M=Cu, Fe에 관계없이 x가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다.

상업적으로 HTS (High Temperature Shift reaction) 반응에서 사용되는 Fe2O3/Cr2O3 촉매는 사용 후 6가 크롬 (Cr6+)의 침출에 따른 환경적/인체적 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 잠재성을 가지고 있어 친환경 크롬-프리 촉매개발을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 크롬을 사용하지 않고 우수한 성능을 나타낼 수 있는 Fe/Al, Fe/Al/Cu, 그리고, Fe/Al/Ni 촉매를 제조하고 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 단계함침법으로 금속산화물(Cu와 Ni)과 알루미늄이 함유된 Fe계 촉매를 제조하고 촉매반응장치를 이용하여 각 촉매의 활성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 Fe/Al/Cu 촉매는 가혹한 조건(COconc. = 38.2%; 천연가스 대비 약 5.7 배 높은 CO 농도)에서도 탁월한 성능(XCO = 84.3% at 400 ℃)을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 Fe/Al/Cu 촉매의 강한 환원력과 활성종인 Fe3O4의 높은 열적 안정성에 기인한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 강한 소결 저항성을 가진 Fe/Al/Cu 촉매는 400°C에서 100시간 동안 뚜렷한 비활성화를 보이지 않아 높은 안정성을 지닌 것으로 확인되었다.