This study successfully prepared high-porosity aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramics through vacuum suction filtration using aluminosilicate fiber as the primary raw material and glass powder as binder, with the appropriate incorporation of glass fiber. The effects of the composition of raw materials and sintering process on the structure and properties of the material were studied. The results show that when the content of glass powder reached 20 wt% and the samples were sintered at the temperature of 1,000 °C, strong bonds were formed between the binder phase and fibers, resulting in a compressive strength of 0.63 MPa. When the sintering temperatures were increased from 1,000 °C to 1,200, the open porosity of the samples decreased from 89.08 % to 82.38 %, while the linear shrinkage increased from 1.13 % to 10.17 %. Meanwhile, during the sintering process, a large amount of cristobalite and mullite were precipitated from the aluminosilicate fibers, which reduced the performance of the aluminosilicate fibers and hindered the comprehensive improvement in sample performance. Based on these conditions, after adding 30 wt% glass fiber and being sintered at 1,000 °C, the sample exhibited higher compressive strength (1.34 MPa), higher open porosity (89.13 %), and lower linear shrinkage (5.26 %). The aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramic samples exhibited excellent permeability performance due to their high porosity and interconnected three-dimensional pore structures. When the samples were filtered at a flow rate of 150 mL/min, the measured pressure drop and permeability were 0.56 KPa and 0.77 × 10-6 m2 respectively.

This study was performed to evaluate the pollutants removal characteristics of two types of RBFs(Riverbank filtration, Riverbed filtration) intake facilities installed in Nakdong River and in Hwang River respectively. The capacity of each RBF is 45,000 ㎥/d for riverbank filtration intake facility and 3,500 ㎥/d for riverbed filtration intake facility. According to data collected in the riverbank filtration site, removal rate of each pollutant was about BOD(Biochemical oxygen demand) 52%, TOC(Total organic carbon) 57%, SS(Suspended solids) 44%, Total coliforms 99% correspondingly. Furthermore, Microcystins(-LR,-YR,-RR) were not found in riverbank filtered water compared to surface water in Nakdong River. DOC(Dissolved organic carbon) and Humics which are precursors of disinfection byproduct were also reported to be removed about 59% for DOC, 65% for Humics. Based on data analysis in riverbed filtration site in Hwang River, removal rate of each contaminant reaches to BOD 33.3%, TOC 38.5%, SS 38.9%, DOC 22.2%, UV254 21.2%, Total coliforms 73.8% respectively. Additionally, microplastics were also inspected that there was no obvious removal rate in riverbed filtered water compared to surface water in Hwang River.

먼지 필터 막은 인간의 건강, 안전 및 환경 보호의 몇 가지 중요한 측면에 기여하기 때문에 인간의 삶과 다양한 산업에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구는 고온 조건에 대한 우수한 열안정성과 접착 특성을 가진 polysulfone@polyphenylene sulfide/polytetrafluoroethylene (PSf@PPS/ePTFE) 복합 먼지 필터 막의 개발을 제시한다. FT-IR 분석은 PSF 접착제가 PPS 직 물에 성공적으로 함침되고 ePTFE 지지체와의 상호 작용을 확인한다. FE-SEM 이미지는 향상된 섬유 상호 연결 및 PSf 농도 와 함께 접착력을 보여준다. PSf@PPS/ePTFE-5는 가장 적합한 다공성 구조를 보여준다. 복합 막은 400°C까지 예외적인 열 안정성을 보여준다. 박리 저항 테스트는 먼지 여과에 대한 충분한 접착력을 보여 공기 투과성을 희생시키지 않고 힘든 고온 조건에서 신뢰할 수 있는 성능을 보장한다. 이 막은 산업 응용 분야에서 유망한 잠재력을 제공한다. 더 나아가 최적화 및 응 용 가능성을 탐구할 수 있다.

Polyethersulfone (PES)은 친수성과 상분리법의 용이성 덕분에 수처리 및 정제 분야에서 정밀여과 및 한외여과막 소재로 일반적으로 사용된다. 그러나, 비용매 유도 상분리법으로 제조된 PES 분리막, 특히 지지체가 없는 여과막의 경우 도 프의 조성과 기재의 특성에 따라 여과막 하부에 낮은 기공도를 갖는 치밀층이 형성되기 쉽고, 이러한 치밀층으로 인해 수투 과 저항이 증가하고 오염물질의 쌓임에 의한 막오염이 일어난다. 본 연구에서는 PES 여과막 제조 시 상전이 과정의 수축으 로 인해 분리막 하부에 물이 침투하여 치밀층을 형성, 심각한 막오염을 유발할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 동일한 선택층을 갖는 PES 여과막을 단일층 및 이중층 캐스팅법으로 각각 제조하여 하부 치밀층이 여과막의 투과성능 및 막오염에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 하부 치밀층이 없는 이중층 캐스팅된 여과막은 기존 여과막 대비 높은 투과성능 및 막오염에 대한 저항 성을 보였으며, 이를 통해 다공성 여과막의 내오염성을 향상시키기 위한 표면 기공도 및 기공 구조 등 물리적 구조의 최적화 가 중요함을 확인하였다.

This study focused on using indirect filtration through riverbeds to produce high-quality drinking water. Data on water quality from a water intake facility(capacity 10,000 m3/day) and nearby rivers were collected over a three-year period. The average intake facility specifications were found to be a specific surface area of 58 balls/m2, a mean particle size of 24 mm, an inflow velocity of 2.2 cm/sec, and a burial depth of 5 m. The water quality improvement rate was assessed as grade Ia, surpassing the adjacent river’s water quality. Correlation analysis showed a weak correlation between opening ratio, Suspended Solid (SS), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) compared to total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The correlation coefficient R value of SS was -0.614, BOD was –0.588, total coliforms -0.870, and fecal coliforms -0.958. The R value shows a negative value, which showed that the larger the opening rate, the lower the removal rate of water pollutants. The correlation coefficient R values according to the depth of burial were found to be BOD 0.914, SS-0.124, total coliforms 1.000, and fecal coliforms 0.866. The deeper the burial depth, the higher the removal rate of BOD and microbial groups.

According to ISO 4037, the thickness of the inherent filtration for the radiation qualities L-40 to L- 240, N-40 to N-400, W-60 to W-300 and H-80 to H-400 shall be equivalent to 4 mm Al for matched reference radiation fields or adjusted as far as possible to 4 mm Al for characterized reference radiation fields. And for matched reference fields, the tube window must be made of beryllium and its thickness should not exceed 10 mm. In the case of characterized reference fields, the thickness of the beryllium window should not exceed 10 mm, but it is acceptable to use an aluminum window with a maximum thickness of 1.5 mm. 320 KV X-ray tube installed at KHNP-CRI has been designed to equipped with a 3 mm Be for tube window and an additional 4 mm Al to obtain a total inherent filtration equivalent to that of 4 mm Al. In the previous study, the inherent filtration of 320 kV X-ray tube at KHNP-CRI has been verified by MCNP simulation. However, the ISO standards suggest a method for determining the thickness of the inherent filtration by half-value layer (HVL) measurement and spectrometry. In this regard, the inherent filtration was reassessed using HVL measurement. To determine the inherent filtration, 1st HVL of the beam generated by the tube at a tube potential 60 kV was measured. The measurements were conducted with a calibrated spherical ionization chamber (model A3, Exradine) placed at a distance of 1 m from the target, at the center of the radiation field size. The X-ray tube current was set to 2 mA. The thickness of aluminum absorbers was gradually adjusted in subsequent measurements until approached the 1st HVL. 1st HVL were estimated using the linear regression equation computed with the current values for the thickness of the absorbers. As a results, the thickness of the 1st HVL was estimated as 2.845 mm Al. According to the correlation between the inherent filtration and 1st HVL suggested in ISO standard, the value of the inherent filtration was deduced as 4.25 mm Al that is rounded to the nearest 0.05 mm by interpolation. Further studies on the effects of the inherent filtration thickness determined in this study will be conducted.

Various types of tanks are used in nuclear power plants, and sludge composed of various organic substances and inorganic oxides contaminated with radioactive materials may be present at the bottom of a tank of a radioactive waste treatment device. In addition, glassy and fixative oxide contamination layers are accumulated on the inner wall of the tank depending on the tank material, usage and degree of oxidation. Such contaminated sludge is the main cause of radiation exposure to workers when dismantling nuclear power plant tanks. In addition, the waste filters generated by filtration of contaminated sludge is treated as secondary radioactive waste, and this radioactive waste not only occupies a lot of disposal space, but also the disposal cost is continuously increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that does not generate waste filters as much as possible. To solve this problem, NILEPLANT Co., Ltd. registered a patent named “Filtering apparatus” based on previous research and manufactured a rotary filtration membrane device through detailed design. The rotary filtration membrane device is composed of three or more multiple rotary filtration membranes, and can remove fine particles in wastewater as well as sludge accumulated inside a radioactive contamination tank. In addition, considering the site characteristics of special conditions such as nuclear power plants, it was designed to show excellent performance in removing fine particles while minimizing the area where the device is installed. The rotary filtration membrane device is designed and manufactured as a double cylinder structure that combines a hydro cyclone filter type body and an inner partition wall, and is equipped with a filter cloth-based rotary cylinder filter to process sludge through the filter cloth in addition to inertial. In addition, the patented principle enables self-backwashing without stopping the filtration process, extending the life of the filter and minimizing waste filters. The filtration performance, self-backwashing function, and sludge behavior of the rotary filtration membrane device manufactured based on the detailed design were evaluated through experiments, and improvements to obtain more effective filtration performance were derived. Accordingly, it is expected that the more improved rotary filtration membrane device can be effectively used to remove sludge generated during the dismantling of nuclear power plants in the future.

본 연구에서는 투과 유량 모델을 개발하기 위하여, 시간, 막 전후의 압력 차, 회전 속도, 막의 기공 크기, 동점도, 농도 및 공급 유체의 밀도 등 7개의 입력 변수에 기반한 두 종류(ANN 및 SVM) 인공지능 기법을 이용하였다. 시행착오법과 실험데이터와 예측 데이터 간의 결정 계수(R2) 와 평균절대상대편차(AARD)를 포함한 두 가지 통계 변수를 통해 최적의 모델 을 선정하였다. 최종적으로 얻어진 결과에서 최적화된 ANN 모델이 R2 = 0.999 및 AARD% = 2.245인 투과 플럭스 예측 정 확도를 보여서, R2 = 0.996 및 AARD% = 4.09의 정확도를 보인 SVM 모델에 비해 더 정확함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, ANN 모델은 SVM 방식에 비해 투과 유속을 예측하는 능력도 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.