The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Flipped Classroom (FC) approach on Tourism English learning. For the study, 93 students in a Tourism English (TE) course were encouraged to participate in the FC activities, designed by the PARTNER (Preparation, Assessment, Relevance, Team activity, Nub lecture, Evaluation and Reflection) model. A quasi-experiment was conducted for 15-weeks of a semester, and the effectiveness of the FC activities on the TE learning was analyzed in accordance with the course satisfaction, problem-solving skill, and collective efficacy. The problem-solving skill survey was designed to measure the cause analysis, alternative development, practice, and assessment, while the collective efficacy survey comprised items related to fostering leadership, exchanging ideas, evaluating ideas, and integrating ideas. In the findings, the FC activities showed the positive effect on the development of the problem-solving skills, collective efficacy, and course satisfaction. The pedagogical implications are discussed in terms of the FC activities on Tourism English learning in this study.

The study is aimed at investigating whether learning readiness contributes to university students’ group discussion in English in a flipped classroom. The research questions are: 1) Is there a change in learning readiness before and after flipped learning?; 2) Is there a change in students’ participation in group discussion before and after flipped learning?; and 3) Does learning readiness contribute to participation in group discussion? A total of 52 students participated in the study. Student survey questionnaires and quizzes were collected for data analysis. Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test, a non-parametric test for repeated measures t-test, and multiple regression analysis were utilized to answer the research questions. The statistical analyses produced the following results: 1) there was a significant change in students’ participation in learning readiness and group discussion; and 2) learning readiness and quizzes greatly contributed to group discussion. These findings corroborated the previous research that learning readiness is essential for self-directed learning in a successful flipped classroom. This suggests that teachers devise ways to help students engage in online activities for greater learning readiness.

This study is aimed at investigating the effects of flipped learning on self-directed learning attitude in the college setting. For the aim, this study tried to see if there are meaningful changes in learners’ self-directed learning attitude over time. With the research aim in mind, an elective university class of 47 students was observed for 15 weeks. A survey questionnaire was developed from Guglielmino(1977)’s characteristics of self-directed learning attitude, and four characteristics were finally used for this study: Openness, self-directedness, responsibility, and passion for learning. The questionnaire was administered twice in the 5th and 14th weeks, followed by in-depth interviews with 9 participants. A non-parametric test for repeated t-test, Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test was used for data analysis. The research findings are as follows. First, the results of the questionnaire indicated that there were statistically meaningful changes in all 4 characteristics of learners’ self-directed learning attitude before and after flipped learning. Second, the analysis of in-depth interviews revealed that students felt positive about their flipped learning since it provided them with great opportunities to develop and strengthen their self-directed learning attitude. Implications and suggestions for further research are provided.

This study was an attempt to explore how EFL college-level learners perceive flipped learning or flipped classroom approach which would be practiced with Content-Based Instruction (CBI) courses. As an effort to find a way for the CBI learners to be served more effectively in terms of earning content-knowledge and improving L2-using skills, the new approach of flipped learning has been tapped into first of all by looking into their expectations and concerns that they might have if the new approach would be employed in their CBI classroom. The analysis of the data provided by the 159 participants revealed that they did not show clear preference or strong negative attitude toward the new approach. While the young college-level learners appeared technology-savvy, they did not seem confident enough in the new approach mainly due to the on-line component of the flipped classroom approach, which would require more responsibility of their learning. The study also made suggestions on what should be considered if the new approach can be successfully implemented and help the learners earn better learning experience.

본 연구의 목적은 신임교수로서 겪은 플립드러닝 강좌 개발 및 운영 경험을 정리하고 이를 사례연구 형태로 제시하여 다른 교수자들과 공유하는 것이다. 연구자는 J대학교에 임용 직후 플립드러닝 강좌를 개발해야 했다. 플립드러닝에 대한 지식과 노하우가 교수자와 학생 모두에게 전무한 상황이었지만, 효과적인 운영을 위해서는 플립러닝 학습효과에 대한 교수자의 의심, 낯선 수업운영 방법에 대한 학생들의 의심, 교수자와 학생 서로 간의 의심 이상 세 가지의 장벽을 극복해야 했다. 각각의 수업은 교과목의 특성 및 기대 하는 바가 고려된 고유한 수업 설계 형태로 제작되어야 한다는 플립드러닝 선행연구의 내용을 토대로, 연구자는 성공적인 수업 운영을 위해 일부 학생이 주도하는 수업이 아니라 모든 학생들이 참여하여 학습하고 토론하는 수업을 만들고자 여러 가지 시도를 진행 하였다. 예를 들면, 토론학습 중심의 플립드러닝 수업 운영의 구조를 개발하기, 토론학습을 촉진하는 평가전략을 개발하기, 매력적인 콘텐츠를 개발하기, 토론학습에 익숙해지도록 토론주제의 난이도를 점진적으로 조절하기 등과 같은 주요 전략들을 개발하고 활용했다. 수업 운영 결과, 교수자의 정답과 의도에 과의존했던 학생들이 자유롭고 협력적으로 토론학습에 참여하는 방향으로 학습태도의 변화가 있었으며, 사전사후 만족도 평균 역시 4.24에서 4.47로 향상되었다. 이러한 연구자의 경험은 성공적인 플립드러닝 교과 운영을 위해서는 정형화된 설계·운영이 아니라 상황적 맥락 하에서 고유한 접근을 시도해야 함을 제시하였다는 점에서 시사하는 바가 있다. 마지막으로 연구자의 경험을 바탕으로 교과목 성격 및 기대를 고려한 최적의 설계 지원과 다양한 수업사례 발굴·공유, 교수자 경험 중심의 지원 방안 마련 필요 등의 시사점을 제시하였다.