In this paper I examine Cesare Cattaneo and Mario Radice’s Camerlata Fountain in northern Italy, focusing on the work's relation to the urban environment and its "mobility" over several decades. As I demonstrate, the design of Cattaneo and Radice’s work relates to the circular layout of a traffic intersection and was intended to be viewed from the window of a moving automobile. In this way it continues a tradition, begun by the Futurists and continued by Le Corbusier, which saw the car as central to modern art and architecture. Moreover, the work relates to the concept of mobility in so far as it was in itially built in 1936 in Milan and subsequently destroyed and reconstructed during 1962 in its current location near Como. As the history of the work’s conception, production and reception demonstrates, Cattaneo and Radice’s work not only responds to the experience of vehicle-generated mobility in modern society but also reveals the tensions and anxieties associated with an increasingly dynamic urban environment.

To create urban landscapes that take human emotion into consideration, the present study verified the psychological effects of artificial waterscape facilities on users, as these facilities significantly impact their psychological comfort. Data was collected using the SD scales and POMS of 60 male and 60 female participants after they watched a video of four waterscape facilities. Participants deemed the video clip of a fountain waterscape to be artificial and linked it with changeable images that increased their vigor. The video clip of waterfall stimulated various impressions (e.g., vital, liked, active, etc.) and changed participant’ mood states by increasing their vigor and decreasing fatigue. The video clip of the pond yielded familiar impressions, produced less free images, and decreased tension among participants. Finally, the video clip of the stream stimulated quiet and comfortable images as well as reduced negative feelings of anger, confusion, and depression among participants. Furthermore, males experienced more positive effects than females, regardless of the type of waterscape facility. The study findings indicate that the four different waterscape facilities influenced participants’ mood states. Additionally, the psychological effects differed by gender. The data suggest that landscape planners need to carefully consider their choice of waterscape facility when designing green spaces to ensure that the space is psychologically comforting to users.

In order to verify the healing effect in the variety of effects according to fountain type, anion which is the representatives factor of healing, as the center of case studies which in Gwanghwamun(Ground fountain), Cheonggyecheon(Waterfall) and Myeongdong(Formative fountain). According to fountain type, the anion distribution as follow, figures typically 15,721 ± 419 ea/cm³, Formative fountain 40,190 ± 788 ea/cm³, Waterfall 4,480 ± 290 ea/cm³ and ground fountain 2,492 ± 180 ea/cm³. It is usually exceed to the distribution in natural green, which is 1070∼2100 ea/cm³. The interrelation between air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and relative humidity, and wind speed is that, the relative humidity is directly proportional to wind speed and inversely proportional to temperature. As the temperature goes up, the distribution of anion goes down. And as the wind speed and relative humidity goes up, the distribution of anion decrease sharply. The result of interrelation between fountain type and the anion distribution is that, the distance of water falling is directly proportional to the anion distribution in the formative fountain and inversely proportional in the ground fountain. And the distribution of anion is largest in formative fountain. The distribution of anion in ground fountain is lower than in formative fountain, but it is far more than in natural greenery. And as the distance from fountain increase, the distribution of anion goes down.

This research was done to clarify the cooling effect of water particles generated from a fountain. This effect is a one way to control the heat island effect of big cities. The result of this research was drawn by setting the jets of water in a certain height, and then studying the diffusion of water particles, which is affected by the size of the particles and the wind speed, and the cooling effect caused by the diffusion. 1) When a diameter of a water drop was 500 ㎛ and the wind speed was 2.0 to 6.0 m/sec, the water drop diffused 75 to 190m, and the water vapor spread over 175 to 440 m. As a result, there was more than 0.5℃ of cooling effect on the temperature in the atmosphere 130 to 330m around the water fountain. 2) When a diameter of a water drop was 750 ㎛ and the wind speed was 2.0 to 6.0 m/sec, the water drop diffused 65 to 150 m, and the water vapor spread over 160 to 405 m. Moreover, there was more than 0.5℃ of cooling effect on the temperature in the atmosphere 110 to 275 m around the water fountain. 3) After studying on the relationship between the diameter of water drop and the wind speed, and the diffusion of water particles and the range of the atmosphere that was cooled, a result could be drawn from the research that the smaller the diameter of the water vapor gets and the faster the wind speed becomes, the wider the water particles diffuse and the cooler the atmosphere around the fountain becomes. 4) This research further extrapolates that when the ordinary water(tap water, water from river and stream) is used in a fountain, the cooling effect of the air near the fountain can be approached similarly. If the seawater is used in a fountain, there is to be more to concern not only on cooling effect on the air, but also on other effects on surrounding environment generated by the salt in seawater.

수조가 지하에 매설되어 배관이나 배선이 노출되지 않고 바닥면에서 물이 분사되는 형태의 분수인 바닥분수는 일반적으로 공공 정원의 광장에 도입되어 수경관을 접할 기회를 제공하고 분수가 가동되지 않을 때에는 광장의 기능을 하는 다목적 옥외 공간을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 이용후 평가를 통하여 바닥분수를 위한 효과적인 설계와 관리 방안을 제안할 목적으로 수행되었다. 진주 남가람 공원 중앙광장에 조성된 바닥분수가 도면 및 현장조사, 관찰, 인터뷰, 설문조사를 통하여 이용자의 행태와 만족도를 중심으로 평가되었다. 이용자의 주요 행태는 ‘물놀이’, ‘더위 식히기, ’분수 감상‘, ’산책‘이었다. 바닥분수의 이용은 남가람 공원 중앙광장의 전체 이용에 유의성 있는 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이용 만족도는 ’안전성‘, ’안전 관리자의 배치‘, ’용수의 음용 적합성‘을 제외하고는 전반적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 종합적인 만족도에 영향을 미치는 변수들은 ’분수의 기능적 적합도‘, ’용수의 정기적 교체‘, ’놀이 공간으로서의 적합성‘이었다. 바닥분수에서의 개선 및 보강 사항으로는 ’미가동 기간 중의 프로그램‘, ’안전 시스템의 보완‘, ’프로그램 분수‘ 등에 대한 이용자들의 요구도가 높았다.