This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grass and flaxseed oil on weight gain, fecal pH, microflora and acid resistance of fecal E. coli. in Friesian-Holsteins. Fifteen Holsteins were fed either conventional diet (C, n=5), grass (40%) and concentrate supplemented with flaxseed oil (60%) (T1, n=5) or grass only (T2, n=5) for 141 days, and T1 and T2 groups were grazed on pasture except feeding time. Grabbing fecal samples and measuring body weight were carried out at test day 1, 60, 120, 141. To evaluate acid sensitivity of fecal E. coli, feces were incubated in pH 2.0 anaerobic solution during 1 h at room temperature and measured survival rate. In terms of diets, C group had the highest n-6:n-3 ratio with 21.93, followed by T1 group (0.92) and T2 group (0.51). C and T1 group had higher final weight, total gain weight and average daily gain than T2 animals (p<0.05). The fecal pH of C group was maintained much lower than T1 and T2 group since day 120 (p<0.05). Total anaerobe in feces of C group were higher than the other groups since day 120 (p<0.05), but coliform bacteria were not significantly different among groups. Yeast and mold in feces of C group were significantly higher than the other groups from day 60 to day 141 (p<0.05), which is considered to be relevant to yeast in the diets. After feces were incubated at strong acid, more fecal E. coli of C group (34.09%) survived than those of T1 group (3.79%) and T2 group (1.02%) (p<0.05). From those results, it was considered that feeding grass and flaxseed oil to Holsteins enables to change fecal microflora, increase acid sensitivity of fecal E. coli and contribute to stay healthy for animals. It would be necessary to develop various grass feed diets and their applications for producing healthy and high quality meat products.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect on quality characteristics of grass-fed cow’s milk (GM) and conventional feed-fed cow’s milk (CM) with various conditions of non-thermal high-pressure processing (HPP) sterilization process. The sterilized GM and CM stored at 5℃ and 10℃ for 14 days and their quality characteristics during storage was evaluated. The pH and titratable acidity changes of HPP sterilized milk were maintained acceptable level 6.7-6.8, 0.14-0.16%, respectively. HPP sterilization was efficient in the reduction of total bacterial population to decrease the level of 4-7 Log CFU/ml compare to those of unsterilized control milk, and coliform bacteria was not detected in the HPP sterilized milk. Non-thermal HPP sterilization processing was not affected milk fatty acid composition compare to those of low temperature long time process (LTLT) sterilized milk. GM has lower ratio of n-3:n-6 unsaturated fatty acid level than those of CM. In the sensory evaluation of GM and commercial milk products, overall consumer acceptance of HPP sterilized GM was higher than CM and LTLT commercial product. In conclusion, the effects of HPP was comparable with conventional LTLT sterilization process to control undesirable microorganism in the milk products with minumal nutritional and chemical changes.

In resent year there has been research on benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for human health. The effect of a fat supplement made from seaweeds meal plus palm olein meal (FS) and replacement of concentrate on milk production, and milk fatty acid (FA) profiles of dairy cows fed grass silage based diets was evaluated. Ten Holstein lactating cows were divided into a two groups. The cows in a group were fed concentrate at 40% on TDN basis (control). The cows in another group (Treatment) were supplemented 0.5㎏/day/cow of FS as a substitute for 2㎏/day/cow of concentrate. The medium chain fatty acids and DHA content of FS were 345 ㎎/g DM and 35 ㎎/g DM, respectively. Total DMI, DM digestibility and milk production as well as milk composition did not differ between the two groups. The intake of ether extract was higher (P＜0.01) in Treatment than control group (1.1 ㎏/day/cow vs. 1.3 ㎏/day/cow). The short and medium chain of FA in the milk did not differ between two groups. The trans11C18:1vaccenic acid, cis9trans11CLA and C18:3 concentrations in the milk were higher (P＜0.01) in Treatment than control group(1.88 g/100gFA vs. 1.03 g/100gFA, 0.93 g/100gFA vs. 0.51 g/100gFA and 0.48 g/100gFA vs. 0.48 g/100gFA). However, the C18:2 concentration in the milk was lower (P＜0.05) in Treatment than Control group (1.38 g/100gFA vs.1.17 g/100gFA). There were detected 0.13 g/100gFA of DHA in the milk in Treatment group. Results indicated that addition of the FS has the potential of increasing CLA and DHA in cow's milk.

본 시험은 국내생산 주요 조사료인 볏짚, 옥수수사일레지, 목건초를 급여하면서 농후사료 수준을 조절하였을 때 반추생리 및 저작형태에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위하여 농후사료 5개수준(0, 3, 6,9 12kg/일)에 젖소 15두를 공시하여 시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 건물섭취량은 볏짚, 옥수수사일레지, 목건초가 대사체중비 4.97, 5.47 그래고 5.60%를 섭취하였으며 농후사료 증가에 따른 조사료 건물섭취량 감소량은 볏짚 0.330, 옥수수