The concept of sustainability was first introduced a few decades ago, and it has gradually become the primary concern of many nations and firms around the world. Sustainability is a broad concept that encompasses three pillars, namely, economic, social, and environmental, represented as profit, people, and nature. It implies that firms can only sustainably develop if they grow without compromising the benefits of their stakeholders. Thus, this study aims to identify, through the participatory approach and the Delphi method, an appropriate set of sustainability indicators to strategically evaluate Hai Phong port's sustainable development achievements. The paper will critically review past studies on port sustainable development to find the most frequently used indicators for assessing port sustainability. These indicators vary because of the availability of data and the researcher's perceived level of importance given to each indicator. Finally, we employ the Delphi method to narrow down the initial set of sustainability indicators based on consensus on the importance of indicators and availability of data among experts. Some indicators that are not important and statistical data unavailable are eliminated. Therefore, the final set includes all crucial indicators for evaluating the sustainability of Hai Phong seaports with collected data.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) has been ratified by 168 countries. Among these countries, Indonesia is one of the most notable states concerning compliance with the provisions of the UNCLOS. However, the aggressive actions exhibited by countries seeking to become world hegemonies have resulted in the violation of the Convention. Therefore, this research aims to critically analyse the problems associated with any violations of sovereignty and sovereign rights by foreign research vessels which are conducting commercial and military navigation in Indonesian waters (territorial sea with the archipelagic waters and the inland waters). This research shows that the spirit of the Djuanda Declaration constituting the main principle of the Indonesian Republic is a legal ground for defending the national interest of Indonesia as an archipelagic state. This is the key to maintaining the integrity of sovereignty and national interest.

錢時(1175-1244)는 중국 남송대 유학자로, 육구연의 학문을 계승하여 심학적 사상을 바탕으로 여러 경서들을 해석했다. 본인은 전시의 四書 주석서인 『융당사서관견』을 번역하여 전시의 경전해석에 관한 연구를 진행했으며, 현재는 전시의 『尙書』주석서인 『융당서해』를 번역하여 그의 경전해석에 관한 연구를 점차 확장시키고 있다. 『융당서해』에는 기존과 다른 새로운 해석을 제시할 때 쓰는 ‘先儒’라는 단어가 ｢禹貢｣ 편에서 가장 많이 나타나고 있기에, 본 논문에서는 ｢禹貢｣편을 연구의 대상으로 삼게 되었다. 전시의 해석은 ｢禹貢｣편의 전체적인 내용과 저자에 대한 이해부터 선유들과 차이를 보인다. 또한 ｢禹貢｣편에서는 旅자가 세 번이나 반복되고 있는데 그 해석이 이 편의 마지막에 가서 어떤 다른 결론을 도출하는지에 대해, 스승인 주희를 대신하여 『尙書』를 해석한 蔡沈(1167-1230)의 주석서과 비교하며 살펴보도록 한다.

청대 袁永綸이 쓴 필기 『靖海氛記』는 18세기 말부터 19세기 초까지, 중국 남부 해상에 창궐하던 해적을 토벌한 기록이다. 중국의 역사 사료 중 『정해분기』 만큼 해적에 대한 다양한 내용을 담고 있는 문헌은 드물다. 안타깝게도 1830년에 초판이 출간 된 후, 중국에서는 유실되어 전하지 않다가, 2007년 대영도서관에서 판본이 발견되었다. 현재까지 『정해분기』에 대한 전면적인 연구는 상당히 부족한 편이다. 이에 본 논 문은 작가 원영륜과 『정해분기』의 판본, 영역본을 소개하고, 『정해분기』의 내용을 해적단의 형성과 세력 확장, 분열과 투항이라는 흐름에 따라 나누어 살펴본 후, 이를 기초로 그 특징과 의의를 분석하였다.

In the mid-19th century, under the background of the expansion of western marine civilization to the east, China had to submit to its powerful maritime military force. Faced with the invasion of Western forces, Wei Yuan, as a representative of the school of Confucianism, compiled the book Haiguo Tuzhi in the face of the current situation, and extended his vision to the world beyond the sea. Wei Yuan realized that after the Opium War, the ocean could not be used as a natural barrier for external defense as in the past. Faced with the western marine aggression, especially its colonial activities in Southeast Asia, Wei Yuan deeply realized that China would surely fall into a more terrible situation than the Opium War if it did not “master the skills of the barbarians” and pursue the development of the sea. Therefore, he further put forward the idea of building coastal defense, developing maritime military strength and even building the Chinese navy. At the same time, Wei Yuan advocated and actively participated in it in his early years. In the reform of maritime transport, it is suggested that commercial transport should replace official transport in water transport to develop maritime merchants, whose understanding of the ocean is far beyond that of other people of the same era. From defense to development, from safeguarding maritime rights to ocean construction, Wei Yuan formed his own ocean consciousness, which was inherited and developed by the later “Advocates of the westernization movement”.

With special condition in the geography, maritime industry is improvement rapidly in the planet, which is covered by approximately 360,000,000 km2 of Saline water. Together with the development of this field, freight transportation industry becomes one of the most important service in the world as well as in Hai Phong. Meanwhile the number of company and quality of service increased due to the demanding of citizen, the price for this activities also raised.

With the rapid development of the rural economy and vigorous promotion of energy-saving technologies, it is found through a field investigation that the new rural housing in the northeast of China shows new changes on green, energy-efficiency, health, comfort and beauty. The new rural housing mainly applied the technologies of composite energy-saving wall, double or three layers of glass energy saving windows and the roof benzene board insulation, heated in winter by Kang with the fuel of straw, corn stalks and other bio energy, which brings prominent energy-saving effect and the improved indoor environment significantly. The only or main function of the Kang is no longer the heating facilities in winter, but to play its unique benefits of comfort and health for sleep as a bed. the highlights of cultural traditions and customs in Cold rural area, the changes of the Kang are smaller and more exquisite. In the future, northeast rural housing should integrate the technolgies of residential structures, materials and kang further to promote rural sustainable development of society, economy.

With the rapid development of the rural economy and vigorous promotion of energy-saving technologies, it is found through a field investigation that the new rural housing in the northeast of China shows new changes on green, energy-efficiency, health, comfort and beauty. The new rural housing mainly applied the technologies of composite energy-saving wall, double or three layers of glass energy saving windows and the roof benzene board insulation，heated in winter by Kang with the fuel of straw, corn stalks and other bio energy, which brings prominent energy-saving effect and the improved indoor environment significantly. The only or main function of the Kang is no longer the heating facilities in winter, but to play its unique benefits of comfort and health for sleep as a bed. the highlights of cultural traditions and customs in Cold rural area, the changes of the Kang are smaller and more exquisite. In the future, northeast rural housing should integrate the technolgies of residential structures, materials and kang further to promote rural sustainable development of society, economy.

Service quality is still a new concept to those who works in shipping lines services since it has not been identified as a mandatory factor to increase competitiveness. Most carriers are currently offering services at the same level of price, transit time, equipment, etc. Thus offering a high quality service is the best way for a carrier to differentiate itself from its competitors in the market. The research aims to conduct an assessment on service quality at Wan Hai Lines (WHL) outbound services based on the SERVQUAL model, form of dimension-bydimension analysis. This study was based on a survey of 135 people. The outcome is the service quality of WHL outbound services can be identified by three dimension(s): Empathy and Responsiveness, Assurance, and Reliability. It would help management to have an overall picture about the current service quality, and to find solutions to improve service quality following the recommendations. WHL managers need to recognize that “Reliability” has the strongest influence on customers’ expectations, then come “Empathy and Responsiveness” and “Assurance”. Therefore, board of managers should spend time looking carefully at each of the three dimensions, especially for the biggest gap between perceptions and expectations of three dimensions as well. Then the recommendations were raised.

Vietnam is entering an important phase of urbanization that corresponds to the current economic development. Developing logistics of Vietnam in general, and Haiphong particularly, is urgent in order to meet the need for the economic development of Viet Nam in this period of international integration. Hai Phong’s development record over the past 20 years is remarkable. In conjunction with the local government’s efforts, external factors, such as increasing direct foreign investment, is turning Hai Phong into Vietnam’s logistics hub. However, even though Hai Phong accounted for 98% of North Vietnam’s throughput, its logistics services are low level, the ports are fragmented, and the port management scale is backward, with the legal system overlapping. This paper has systematically evaluated the development of Haiphong city during recent years, then offers some solutions to develop logistics for Hai Phong ports.