CNTs/Al-Li composite was first prepared by hot-pressed sintering from Al-Li alloy powder and CNTs solution, and then the hot compression tests were performed on MMS-100 thermal simulator at strain rate range of 0.01– 10 s− 1, deformation temperature range of 350–500 °C, and total deformation amount of 60%. True stress–strain curves were plotted, and constitutive equation as well as hot processing maps were successfully confirmed based on Arrhenius constitutive model and Prasad instability criterion. Results show that CNTs/Al-Li composite have a very poor hot deformation ability and narrow processing region, which is strain rate range of 0.1–1 s− 1 and deformation temperature range of 360–400 °C. Hot extrusion experiment was carried out and the processing parameters were selected according to the established hot processing map, and an improvement on strength and a good balance between strength and plasticity can be obtained, which is about 650 MPa for tensile strength and 9% for elongation.

Titanium aluminides have attracted special interest as light-weight/high-temperature materials for structural applications. The major problem limiting practical use of these compounds is their poor ductility and formability. The powder metallurgy processing route has been an attractive alternative for such materials. A mixture of Ti and Al elemental powders was fabricated to a mechanical alloying process. The processed powder was hot pressed in a vacuum, and a fully densified compact with ultra-fine grain structure consisting of Ti3Al intermetallic compound was obtained. During the compressive deformation of the compact at 1173 K, typical dynamic recrystallization (DR), which introduces a certain extent of grain refinement, was observed. The compact had high density and consisted of an ultra-fine equiaxial grain structure. Average grain diameter was 1.5 μm. Typical TEM micrographs depicting the internal structure of the specimen deformed to 0.09 true strain are provided, in which it can be seen that many small recrystallized grains having no apparent dislocation structure are generated at grain boundaries where well-developed dislocations with high density are observed in the neighboring grains. The compact showed a large m-value such as 0.44 at 1173 K. Moreover, the grain structure remained equiaxed during deformation at this temperature. Therefore, the compressive deformation of the compact was presumed to progress by superplastic flow, primarily controlled by DR.

The effects of processing parameters on the flow behavior and microstructures were investigated in hotcompression of powder metallurgy (P/M) Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The alloy was fabricated by a blended elemental (B/E)approach and it exhibited lamellar α+β microstructure. The hot compression tests were performed in the range of tem-perature 800-1000℃ with 50℃ intervals, strain rate 10−4-10 s−1, and strain up to 0.5. At 800-950℃, continuous flowsoftening after a peak stress was observed with strain rates lower than 0.1 s−1. At strain rates higher than 1 s−1, rapiddrop in flow stress with strain hardening or broad oscillations was recorded. The processing map of P/M Ti-6Al-4V wasdesigned based on the compression test and revealed the peak efficiency at 850℃ and 0.001 s−1. As the processing tem-perature increased, the volume fraction of β phase was increased. In addition, below 950℃, the globularization of phaseat the slower strain rate and kinking microstructures were found. Based on these data, the preferred working conditionof the alloy may be in the range of 850-950℃ and strain rate of 0.001-0.01 s−1.

In the present work, hot workability of particulate-reinforced Al6061-20%SiC composite produced by direct hot extrusion technique was studied. Uniaxial hot compression test at various temperatures and strain rates was used and the workability behavior was evaluated from the flow curves and the attendant microstructures. It was shown that the presence of SiC particles in the soft Al6061 matrix deteriorates the hot workability. Bulging of the specimens and flow lines were observed, which indicate the plastic instability during hot working. Microstructure of the composites after hot deformation was found to be heterogeneous, i.e. the reinforcement clusters were observed at the flow lines. The mechanism of deformation was found to be controlled primarily by dynamic recrystallization.

고온 압축 시험을 이용하여 열간 단조용 비조질강의 고온 변형 거동을 온도, 변형률속도, 합금원소에 따라 조사하였다. 고온 압축 시험에서 얻은 유동 응력 곡선의 형태와 조직관찰로부터 고온 변형 기구는 동적 재결정임을 알 수 있었다. 최대응력에 이르는 변형률은 온도가 증가할수록 작아지고 변형률속도가 빠를수록 크게 나타났다. Nb-V-Mo강은 Nb-V강에 비하여 최대응력은 증가하였으나 동적 재결정은 빨라졌다. 1.2Mn-0.09Nb강은 1.0Mn-0.05Nb강에 비하여 최대응력은 증가하였으나 동적재결정은 지연되었다. C-Nb-V강은 C강에 비하여 최대응력이 증가하였으며 동적 재결정은 지연되었다. 열간변형에 대한 구성방정식은 멱수법칙의 형태를 가졌다. Zener-Hollomon 파라미터가 증가할수록 동적 재결정립은 미세해졌고, 동적 재결정립과 Zener-Hollomon 파라미터와의 관계는 멱수법칙으로 정량화할 수 있었다.