A liquid-phase exfoliation of few-layer graphene in tea is considered as one of the alternative approaches for the preparation of environment-friendly graphene. However, the removal of chemically adsorbed tea-polyphenols from graphene is known to be difficult and the application of centrifugation or filtration alone for the purification of graphene against tea-polyphenols is regarded to be almost technically impossible. Notably, a strategy for facile deoxygenation of tea-graphene must be established for a green and economical production of graphene to be realized. In this work, a simple purification method of graphene through the application of merely a household bleach ( Clorox®) after the pre-exfoliation in black tea has been proposed. It has been found that the carbon–oxygen (C/O) value for graphene increases from 2.7 to 8.1 while the values of C–OH, C–O–C and C=O region in the C1s spectrum of graphene decrease significantly after being purified in bleach for 5 h. The stretching and shift of C–OH, C=O and C–O–C at 3468 cm−1, 1637 cm−1 and 1008 cm−1 from IR spectrum of purified graphene seems to be in agreement with the produced data from the XPS and Raman spectroscopy. Despite the enhanced ID/IG of Raman from the hybridization of sp2 by hydroxylation, the deoxygenation of tea-graphene does not negatively affect the electrical performance since the sheet resistance was impressively reduced to 193 Ω from 2.1 kΩ. It is believed that this photo-Fenton-inspired purification strategy would assist in the washing issue of polyphenol-stabilized graphene for various future electronic applications.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and symbolism of peony, the traditional noble flower, create knit fashion designer applying the aesthetic beauty of flower, and suggest the various possibility of developing knit fashion design. As for the study method, the study conducted review on literature and previous studies to investigate on history, characteristics, symbolism of peony, and examined various expressive technique through previous studies about fashion design using flower images. To express characteristics of peony in three dimensions, the study investigated and reflected on crochet expressive technique to design 4 women’s knitwear. The results are as below. First, as shape of peony is big, voluminous, fancy and noble, it symbolizes wealth and beauty. Including red which is the generally known color of peony, there are yellow, white, pink, purple, green, blue, black, gray, white purple, white color. This study reflected characteristics and symbolism of peony and created knit fashion design applying abundant aesthetic characteristics of flower. Second, crochet method is advantageous as it is operable with thread and hooked crochet hook without time and space restriction, it can create unique fashion design. Crochet knitting on hand knit can diversity changes to express relief textures, and as there is no limit in size, it can be applied to small props to big pieces. This study suggested the various possibility of knit fashion design development and various expressive possibility on modern fashion design.

The objective of this study is to develop naturalistic knit designs inspired by Yann Arthus-Bertrand’s works. For this purpose, we examined the present style of naturalism and history of naturalism though literature research, and then developed designs. The results are as follows: First, as scientific realism originated from a philosophical concept was adopted in literature and other genres, its meanings have been altered and comprehensively expanded according to the genres of which the term is being used. Naturalism of the modern times carries strong message of ecology and environmental protection. Second, the modern naturalism in fashion is manifested in expressing the image of nature and plasticity, instead of a mere use of the natural materials. As the aspects of ecology become more significant, elements of retro, recycle, or grunge are additionally integrated in fashion. Third, Naturalism expressed in knitwear is similar with that of other clothing in terms of color and textile, however, silhouette in knitwear is unique in its general naturalness and flowing effects. Embroidery, knitting of Jacquard and Intarsia, or crochet is used to express forms of objects from nature. Visual effects regardless of the contents of yarn, and pattern effects after knitting by using yarn, have influences on the material. Forth, the eight knit designs in expressing naturalism presented in this study took a motif from the works of Yann Arthus-Bertrand. They were created by rendering rhythm of the landscape with emphasis on brown color. Contour and surface touch were expressed through yarn and the structure of knit.

This paper suggests novel types of joint mechanisms composed of elastic strings and rigid bodies. All of the human hinge joints have the articular capsule and a pair of collateral ligaments. These fibrous tissues make the joint compliant and stable. The proposed mechanism closely imitates the human hinge joint structure by using the concept of tensegrity. The resultant mechanism has several characteristics shown commonly from both the tensegrity structure and the human joint such as compliance, stability, lightweight, and non-contact between rigid bodies. In addition, the role and feature of the human hinge joints vary according to the origins of a pair of collateral ligaments. Likewise, the locations of two strings corresponding to a pair of collateral ligaments produce different function and motion of the proposed mechanism. It would be one of the advantages obtained from the proposed mechanism. How to make a joint mechanism with different features is also suggested in this paper.

이 세상의 온갖 자연과 사물은 모두 일정한 비를 이루고 있다. 이러한 비례의 조화는 시각적으로 안정감을 주는 중요한 요소임과 동시에 아름다움을 느끼게 하는 기본적인 조건이 되며, 비의 조화를 기반으로 한 아름다움은 일정한 비가 있을 때 이루어진다고 할 수 있다. 자연계에는 무수히 많은 비율이 존재한다. 화합물은 지극히 안정된 구조를 필요로 하기 때문에 특정 조형비를 가지는 다양한 정다각형 구조로 되어 있다. 특히, 유기체는 합목적성에 맞게 어떤 특정한 비율을 선택하기 때문에 자연에는 정말로 다양한 비율이 존재한다. 심지어 바이러스의 경우는 이 들 특정 조형비들의 조합으로 되어 있다. 사실 황금비나 금강비나 이 무한한 비율의 특수한 경우 중의 하나라 할 수 있다. 유사한 비율을 보이는 사례까지 이 범주에 넣어 확대 해석하는 것은 바람직한 일이 아니라 생각된다. 인간의 주관적 심미안은 특정 비율에 대한 선호도를 가진다. 어떤 예술품이나 건축물에서 보이는 특정비율의 선호도는 우연하게 인간의 주관적 심미적 요소와 부합된 경우라 할 수 있다. 21세기에 들어 인류 영속성의 전제는 ‘지속가능한 발전’이라는 화두를 낳았다. 이는 친환경적이고 에너지 효율적이며 인간의 편의성을 해치지 않아야 함을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 자연에 존재하는 다양한 조형비와 완벽한 조형비로 널리 알려진 서양의 황금비와 한국을 비롯한 동양권에서 선호되는 금강비의 잘못 알려진 사례와 확대 해석 사례 등에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 토대로 이러한 관점에서 심미적 요소 뿐 아니라, 인류의 영속성을 전제할 수 있는 실체화 가능한 새로운 패러다임의 다양한 조형비의 필요성에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.

This paper describes the design concept of a bio-inspired legged underwater and estimating its performance by implementing simulations. Especially the leg structure of an underwater organism, diving beetles, is fully adopted to our designing to employ its efficiency for swimming. To make it possible for the robot to both walk and swim, the transformable kinematic model according to applications of the leg is proposed. To aid in the robot development and estimate swimming performance of the robot in advance, an underwater simulator has been constructed and an approximated model based on the developing robot was set up in the simulation. Furthermore, previous work that we have done, the swimming locomotion produced by a swimming patten generator based on the control parameters, is briefly mentioned in the paper and adopted to the simulation for extensive studies such as path planning and control techniques. Through the results, we established the strategy of leg joints which make the robot swim in the three dimensional space to reach effective controls.