The effect of flow direction on heat transfer in water cooling channel of lithium-ion battery is numerically investigated. Battery Design StudioⓇ software is used for modeling electro-chemical heat generation in the battery and the conjugated heat transfer is analyzed with the commercial package STAR-CCM+. The result shows that the maximum temperature and temperature difference of battery with Type 1 are the lowest because the heat transfer in the entrance region near the electrode is enhanced. As the inlet velocity is increased, the maximum temperature and temperature difference of battery decreases but the pressure loss increases. The pressure loss in Type 2 channel is the lowest due to the shortest channel length, while the pressure loss with Type 3 or 4 channel is the highest because of the longest channel length. Considering heat transfer performance and pressure loss, Type 1 is the best cooling channel.

고분자 전해질막은 수화상태에서 이온전달채널을 형성하여 연료전지 시스템내에서 수소이온을 전달하는 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 저가습 상태에서는 효과적인 이온전달이 잘 이루어지지 않는 것으로 보고되며, 친수성 및 소수성 영역의 명확한 상분리가 일어나는 불소계 고분자 전해질 막에 비하여, 탄화수소계 고분자 전해질 막에서는 이러한 상분리 현상이 상대적으로 약하게 일어나고, 그 결과로 낮은 수소이온 전도도를 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 낮은 수소이온 전도도를 분자 구조 측면에서 규명하기 위하여, 분자전산모사를 통해 가습 상태 변화에 따른 함수율 조건을 이용하여 고분자 전해질막 모델을 만들고, 이를 서로 비교하여 이온전달 채널의 형성에 어떤 요소들에 영향을 미치는지 규명 하고자 한다.

This study presents the possibility of control of nano-fluidics in the bio-inspired nano-sized ion channel using a field effect transistor (FET) structure. We analyzed effects from main dominant factors to control the ion flow in nano-sized channel such as electro-osmosis, Diffusion effect, Coulomb force between ions and pressure force. Additionally, we suggest a strategy to control the ion flow accurately at the specific position in the nano channel by handling the viscosity, ion molecular density, pressure, gate and trans-cis voltages of FET structure.

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) serves as an integrator of environmental stress such as drought, to trigger stomatal closure by regulating specific ion channels in guard cells. We previously reported that SLAC1, an outward anion channel required for stomtal closure, was regulated via reversible protein phosphorylation events involving ABA signaling components including protein phosphatase 2C members and a SnRK2-type kinase (OST1). In this study, we reconstituted the ABA signaling pathway as a protein-protein interaction relay from the PYL/RCAR type receptors, to the PP2C-SnRK2 phosphatase-kinase pairs, to the ion channel SLAC1. The ABA receptors interact with and inhibit PP2C phosphatase activity against the SnRK2-type kinase, releasing active SnRK2 kinase to phosphorylate and activate the SLAC1 channel, leading to reduced guard cell turgor and stomatal closure. Both yeast-two hybrid and bi-molecular fluorescence complementation assays were used to verify the interactions among the components in the pathway. The biochemical assays demonstrated the activity modifications of phosphatases and kinases by their interaction partners. The SLAC1 channel activity was used as a readout for the strength of the signaling pathway depending on the presence of different combinations of signaling components.