The constant increase in marine traffic and the simultaneous growth of the demand for exploiting marine areas (e.g., installing offshore wind power plants) require an adequate planning strategy for managing high traffic volumes. Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is the process of public development of an allocation plan for distributing, both spatially and temporally, human activities in marine areas. The adoption of e-Navigation is a possible solution for improving safety and security at sea by integrating maritime information on board and ashore. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data represents a fundamental source of information, since the analysis of AIS data can highlight the presence of congested areas as well as of illegal actions, such as smuggling, pollution, and unauthorized phishing in protected areas. Indeed, those activities are often characterized by abnormal manoeuvres that can be recognized by analyzing the routes of the vessels. However, the huge dimension of the AIS data to process requires the adoption of careful strategies for the data visualization. In this paper, we present a complete pipeline for visualizing ship routes from raw AIS data, which is a fundamental pre-requisite for carrying out a significant AIS-based route analysis, and describe a real case study, where 90 million AIS records, corresponding to one month of world-wide observations, are visualized using only open-source software.

최근 육상부존자원의 한계봉착과 신물질개발 및 국제 물류 이동의 증가 등으로 인하여 해양개발수요가 증가하고 있다. 해양에서의 개발행위는 해양생물과 그 서식지에 외부불경제를 유발한다. 이러한 보호와 개발간의 대립을 극복하고 지속가능한 해양이용을 추구하기 위해 고안된 제도가 해양공간계획이다. 본 논문은 해양공간 계획제도가 가지는 효과를 경제적, 생태적, 정책적 측면으로 구분하여 분석하였으며, 우리나라에서 해양공간계획제도의 도입이 필요한 이유를 설명하고 해양공간계획 제도의 성공을 위한 전제조건을 제시하였다.

When the rice blast fungus attacks rice, fungal proteins are secreted into the plant apoplast to facilitate infection. The rice plant recognizes such secreted proteins, which result in the induction of defense responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of how rice plant recognizes secreted proteins remain elusive. Here, we report that a small, secreted protein, Magnaporthe oryzae snodprot1 homolog (MSP1), is recognized by rice plants and triggers host cell death and defense responses. Furthermore, pre-treatment of rice with Domain II, elicitor-active epitope of MSP1, induces resistance to the pathogen KJ301. We demonstrated that secretion of MSP1 into the apoplast is prerequisite for triggering cell death and activating defense-related gene expression, suggesting that it is recognized by a receptor in the host plasma membrane. Through comprehensively analysis of transcriptional profile in rice leaves and suspension cultured cells (SCCs) in response to exogenous MSP1 and Domain II treatment using 60K Agilent microarray chip, we found that 27 signaling genes, such as F-box(6), MAPK(4), protein kinase(11), transcription factor(6), were up-regulated in leaves and SCCs and six protein kinases were targeted into plasma membrane. Thus, we suggest that some of these genes may act as receptor of MSP1 in response to exogenous MSP1 treatment. Expression pattern of candidate genes was further checked in response to different environment cues using open rice data. These results demonstrate that these genes may be also involved in the signaling in response to cold stress, root-JA treatment and brown plant hopper (BPH) attack.