Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) means transnational corporations (TNCs) are responsible for not only the interests of their shareholders, but also the interests and welfare of the local community of the area in which they operate. Therefore, TNCs have to furnish the local community beneficial and social services voluntarily and free of charge to help the local community achieve sustainable development. A question may arise whether it is legally feasible to oblige these corporations to abide by social responsibility in oil and gas industry and its resources specially petroleum laws, regulations and contracts as well as international investment treaties. This article shows that basically CSR in oil and gas industry is voluntarily enforced by TNCs who perform it for non-binding and moral reasons. Nonetheless, in oil and gas industry and its sources especially petroleum laws and contracts, it is feasible to require TNCs to undertake CSR and various dimensions therewith.

Recently, due to the change to SASB(Sustainability Accounting Standards Board) and GRI(Global Reporting Initiative) Standards 2021, the paradigm for non-financial information disclosure is changing significantly, with the number of ESG topics and indicators that must be disclosed by industry from an autonomous material topic selection method. This study revealed that the number of compulsory topics in the oil and gas industry by GRI standards 2021 is up to 2.4 times higher than the average number of material topics disclosed when domestic companies publish sustainability reports using GRI Standards 2020. In the oil and gas industry, I analyzed the similarities and differences between the GRI standards 2021 and the ESG topics covered by SASB by environmental, social, economic, and governance areas. In addition, the materiality test process, which is different in GRI standards 2021, is introduced, and the issues included in the following 10 representative ESG-related initiatives are summarized into 62 and suggested improvement plans for materiality test used in the topic pool.

우리나라는 조선, 해운, 항만산업을 지역중심으로 연결하는 클러스터를 형성하여 ‘해양산업클러스터의 지정 및 육성 등에 관한 특별법’에 따라 지원하는 정책을 유지하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 우리나라는 노르웨이, 독일, 영국 등과 같은 해양선진국들이 장소적 집적 뿐만 아니라 지식, 정보, 경험의 공유 및 축적을 통해 고부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 클러스터를 형성하는 것과 차이를 보이고 있다. 특히 노르웨이의 경우 1970년대 자국산업의 부족한 국제경쟁력을 보완하고, 양질의 일자리를 창출함과 동시에 지속가능한 해양에너지자원개발을 통하여 막대한 국가이익을 창출하는 것을 목적으로 해양에너지 산업 클러스터를 육성하였다. 따라서 이 연구는 민간 중심의 소규모 클러스터간의 지식전파가 목적이 아닌 거시적인 측면에서 자국산업의 경쟁력이 확대될 수 있도록 체계화된 모범사례를 법과 제도를 중심으로 분석하였다. 그리고 우리나라에서 계획 중인 해양산업 클러스터의 진정한 발전을 위하여 고려되어야 할 협력부분과 관련하여 노르웨이 해양에너지산업 클러스터의 개요, 소규모 클러스터간의 협력 발전 관계 분석, 정부차원의 법률 및 제도적 지원 방안 등을 중심으로 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다.

캐나다 Alberta 지역의 Oil Sands는 bitumen과 crude oil을 대량 포함하고 있어 석유자원의 한정성을 대체할 수 있는 천연자원으로써 최근 Shale Gas와 함께 관심이 높아지는 추세이다. Oil Sands의 개발을 위해서는 extraction과 purification을 포함한 SAGD(steam-assisted gravity drainage) process를 거쳐야 하는데 이 과정에서 많은 양의 오염물을 포함하고 있는 OSPW(oil sands process-affected water)가 대량 발생하게 된다. 이를 위하여 캐나다 및 Alberta 주정부에서는 현재 다각적인 수처리 공정을 시도 하고 있으며, 그 중 분리막을 활용한 연구 내용 및 결과에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

During the last decade the world had experienced oil crisis twice: the first one was the fourfold jump in oil prices in 1973 and 1974, the second one came in 1979 with 2.6 times price hike. The current crude oil prices stand around the level of 30 a barrel. The first reaction came quick, with reduced oil consumption and a general decline in economic activity. Furthermore, the second oil crisis has brought about tremendous and varied impacts upon the shipping industry, which is now undergoing an adaptation process to the changing environments. This article is divided into five chapters: chapter I is the introduction on the subject under examination; chapter II is devoted to the trends of the seaborne trade cargoes after the oil crisis; chapter III reveals the impact of the oil price hike on ships and their desion; chapter IV deals with the challenges shipping enterprises face in terms fo economic modus operandi and new international political environments; chapter V sets forth conclusion.