콩줄기명나방은 콩과작물 특히 팥을 가해하는 해충으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 온도가 콩줄기명나방의 발육단계별 발육기간, 성충의 수명 과 산란특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 36°C 항온조건에서 조사하였다. 알과 유충은 7, 10, 13°C를 제 외한 항온조건에서 다음 생애단계로 성공적으로 발육하였다. 알, 유충, 번데기의 발육기간은 온도가 상승할수록 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 콩줄기 명나방 발육단계별 발육 최저, 최고 한계는 LRF와 SSI모델을 이용하여 계산하였고 발육영점온도와 유효적산온일도는 선형회귀분석을 이용하 였다. 1령 유충 부화부터 성충출현까지의 발육영점온도와 유효적산온일도는 13.5°C와 384.5DD로 추정되었다. SSI모델을 이용한 부화부터 성 충출현까지 발육 최저 및 최고온도는 19.4°C과 39.8°C였고 이들간의 차이 즉 발육적정온도범위는 20.4°C였다. 성충은 16°C와 34°C 범위에서 부화하는 알을 생산하였고, 25°C에서 최대 약 416마리의 자손을 낳았다. 노화율, 나이별 생존율, 나이별 누적산란율, 온도의존 산란수에 관련된 성충모델들이 작성되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 온도발육모형과 산란모형은 야외에서 콩줄기명나방의 개체군동태를 이해하고 콩과작물의 종합적 인 해충군관리체계를 마련하는데 기초기반자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

Developmental characteristics of immature stages of Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which is a main insect pest against legume crops, were investigated at constant temperatures to prepare fundamental data for integrated pest management. Egg, larva and pupa could survive at temperatures from 16oC to 36oC. Developmental periods of those stages became shorter with increasing temperature between 16 and 31oC, 16 and 36oC, and 16 and 34oC, respectively. The lower developmental thresholds and degree-days(DD) were determined as 13.0oC and 56.9DD, 13.8oC and 277.5DD, and 14.2oC and 90.8DD using a linear regression model between temperature and development rate. Other parameters for explaining development of this species were estimated using a few non-linear models for developmental rate, distribution, and survivorship.

Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) overwinters as a final instar larva. In order to elucidate phenology of the insect, we studied several factors related to its overwintering. Neonate larvae from early August to early October entered overwintering through outdoor rearing. Pupation and adult emergence were observed during the periods from May to June, next year, and from May to July, respectively. Heat addition by 25oC to overwintering larvae induced shorter prepupal periods with progressing season. Supercooling points of overwintering larvae during the period from October to April were below -20oC, and those temperatures were significantly lower than those of a laboratory colony. It was estimated that higher content of glycerol in hemolymph is responsible for cold-hardiness as a cryoprotectant during overwintering.

Several properties related to longevity and reproduction of O. scapulalis adults were investigated on nine constant temperatures (13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 and 36℃). Thirty mating pairs on each temperature were separately prepared on the emerged days of adults, supplied with distilled water and 10% sucrose solution in small plastic cages, and observed every day. The adults could not produce fertile eggs on 13 and 36℃. The highest mating rate (ca. 47%) was observed on 19℃, and the lowest mating rate (3.3%) on 34℃. The mean longevity of mated female was observed in the range from ca. 9 to 52 days, while that of male was in the range from 10 to 31 days. The mean pre-oviposition period was longest (ca. 16 days) on 16℃ and shortest (ca. 3 days) on 31℃. The oviposition period was longest (ca. 16 days) on 19℃ and shortest (ca. 3 days) on 34℃. The low fecundity (ca. 22∼25 eggs/pair) was observed on 16 and 34℃, while 147∼416 eggs per pair were produced in other temperatures. The production pattern of fertile eggs on each temperature was analyzed. Fifty percent of production of fertile eggs was observed most rapidly on 3-day-old female at 28℃. In this study, a few properties of the mated adults were compared to those of the unmated one. Finally a few models were adopted to generalize some properties.

The adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of serious insect pests against the red bean, Vigna angularis. Adult emergence, mating and oviposition behaviors of the insect were investigated in a constant condition of 25±1℃, 15L:9D (light: dark) photoperiod, and 60±10% relative humidity, for the purpose of collecting fundamental data for elucidation of adult biology and female sex pheromone. The circadian rhythmic behaviors were observed at 30-min interval during the experiments, and the data was analyzed at one-hour interval. Adult emergence was observed for 15 hours from 2 hours before lights-off to 4 hours after lights-on in a row, and ca. 90% emerged in scotophase. Adults did not mate within the emerged scotophase and the following photophase. Mating was observed only in the scotophase, and ca. 95% of mating occurred for 5 hours from 2 hours after lights-off to 2 hours before lights-on. The result was different from the main mating time in the previous reports. Mean mating rate at 0- to 4-day-old pairs was ca. 50%. It took almost one day from mating to oviposition, but oviposition 2 days after mating was observed in 0-day-old adult pairs. Adult pairs older than 7-day-old could not mate.

This study was conducted to identify an insect species in Genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) that gave serious damage to the red bean, Vigna angularis. The species has ever been described as O. zaguliaevi in the previous presentation (Jung et al., 2010). Because, however, inconsistent information has been recognized for the species, we reviewed characteristics in morphological, molecular and sex pheromone levels, and host-range. Male genitalia had 3-lobed uncus and tibia of midleg showed massive type. The morphology indicated that the species might be one of O. zaguliaevi, O. scapulalis and O. zealis. Partial nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) and Ⅱ genes were not identical with those of the 3 species in GenBank, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of COⅠ was not identical with that of O. zealis. In the 23 analyses that sex pheromones were checked, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, which was reported in the sex pheromone components of both O. zaguliaevi and O. zealis, was not detected at all. An intensive study in Japan has reported that the feeding habit of O. scapulalis is polyphagous, while that of O. zaguliaevi is monophagous (only in Petasites japonicus) (Ishikawa et al., 1999). After considering all these information, we concluded that it is reasonable to decide that the insect species in the red bean in Korea is O. scapulalis.