여름철 자연조건에서 자라는 두릅나무과 식물 잎의 SOD활성과 광계II의 광화학적 효율의 차이를 분석하고 온도 스트레스와 paraquat의 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 두릅나무과 식물 6종의 잎으로부터 총 8개의 superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzyme이 구분되었다. 그 중, 섬오갈피나무 (Acanthopanax koreanum)에서는 두릅나무과 식물에 공통적인 2개의 isoenzyme (SOD 4와 SOD 6)이 높은 활성으로

본시험은 경운(耕耘)이 불가능한 산지(山地)를 경운(耕耘)을 하지 않고 초지화(草地化) 할 수 있는 효과적인 방법(方法)을 구명(究明)할 목적으로 1983-1984년 사이에 수행되었다. 시험구의 처리로서는 제초제(除草劑)를 살포하지 않은 무처리구와 Glyphosate 및 Paraquat의 다른 양(量)을 목초파종(牧草播種) 30일, 445일 및 60일전에 살포하는 구를 두었다. 오차드그라스의 정착율(定着率)은 제초제의 영향을 받지 않았으나 라디노클로비의

Korea represents high suicide rate by poisoning. Especially, since a lot of people died by high concentrated paraquat which has extremely high fatality rate, paraquat sales were prohibited in 2012. We investigated to find out how the prohibition of sales affected occurrence of pesticide poisoned patients and what kinds of influences did it have for severity and death rate. By targeting patients who visited emergency room by pesticide poisoning from 2010 to 2014, we researched insecticides poisoned patients and herbicidal poisoned patients grouped into 9 categories. Before and after 2012, We compared A term (2010, 2011) and B term (2013, 2014)’s pesticide occurrence, especially distribution of herbicide occurrence and compared hospitalization rate, hospitalization period, length of stay in ICU (Intensive Care Unit), severity, and death rate. The number of insecticide patients was 219 (37.4%) and the number of herbicide patients was 367 (62.6%) who visited emergency room in five years and the rate was similar every year. In case of paraquat, there was 70.5% decrease by 105 people for A term and 31 people for B term and increase of double for glyphosate, glufosinate, and other herbicides. The death rate was decreased but hospitalization was increased. There weren’t any difference of rate in ICU admission, intubation and ventilator therapy. By prohibition of using paraquat, the death rate by pesticide poisoning was decreased. However, patients who poisoned by other herbicides were increased, so hospitalization rate increased and there weren’t any difference at patient’s severity rates.

방사선과 paraquat에 의해서 유도된 간 손상에 대한 홍삼추출물의 보호효과를 비교 연구하였다. ICR계 생쥐에게 X선의 5Gy조사와 paraquat투여 7일 전부터 홍삼추출물(200mg/kg/day)을 투여하였다. 대조군은 생리적 식염수를 투여하고 방사선조사군은 생리적 식염수를 투여하면서 5Gy를 조사하였다. 홍삼추출물 투여군은 7일 전부터 홍삼추출물(200mg/kg/day)을 투여하면서 5Gy를 조사하였다. Paraquat투여군은 7일 전부터 홍삼추출물(200mg/kg/day)을 투여하면서 paraquat(30mg/kg/day)를 투여하였다. 그리고 각각의 실험군에서 간조직의 H2O2, catalase, MDA를 측정하였다. 그 결과 방사선조사군과 paraquat투여군보다 홍삼추출물 투여군에서 catalase함량이 유의성 있게 증가하여 간의 보호효과가 있었으며 H2O2와 MDA함량도 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 홍삼추출물은 간 조직에 대한 방사선조사 및 paraquat투여로부터 매우 우수한 방호제라고 할 수가 있다.

The protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the antioxidant system under paraquat(PQ) stress was investigated in leaves of 8-week-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. PQ stress caused a decrease of leaf growth including leaf length, width and weight. Application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly alleviated PQ stress induced growth suppression. SNP permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and of higher quantum yield for photosystem Ⅱ than in non-treated controls under PQ exposure, suggesting that NO has protective effect on chloroplast membrane in lettuce leaves. Flavonoids and anthocyanin were significantly accumulated in the leaves upon PQ exposure. However, the rapid increase of these compounds was alleviated in the SNP treated leaves. PQ treatment resulted in lipid peroxidation and induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the leaves, while SNP prevented PQ induced increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. These results demonstrate that SNP serves as an antioxidant agent able to scavenge H2O2 to protect plant cells from oxidative damage. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in lettuce leaves in the presence of NO donor under PQ stress were higher than those under PQ stress alone. Application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, to the lettuce leaves arrested SNP mediated protective effect on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant systems. However, PTIO had little effect on lettuce leaves under PQ stress compared with that of PQ stress alone. The obtained data suggest that the damage caused by PQ stress is in part due to increased generation of active oxygen by maintaining increased antioxidant enzyme activities and SNP protects plants from oxidative stress. From these results it is suggested that NO might act as a signal in activating active oxygen scavenging system that protects plants from oxidative damage induced by PQ stress and thus confer PQ tolerance.