This study was carried out to produce more Parasenecio firmus in forest farming. In order to achieve thispurpose, it was surveyed the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P. firmus. Relatively light intensity was controlledby 100%, 60%, 30% and 5% of full sunlight. Height was the highest under 5% of full sunlight. Shoot diameter was the high-est in full sunlight. Fresh weight (leaf, stem, root and total) and dry weight (leaf, root and total) were the highest under 30%of full sunlight. S (leaf+stem)/R (root) ratio was the lowest under 30% of full sunlight and the highest under 5% of full sun-light. In leaf characteristics, leaf area, SLA and LAR were getting higher in the lower light level and the highest under 5% offull sunlight (176.1㎠, 420.5㎠•g−1 and 123.5㎠•g−1). Especially, leaf area was surveyed higher under 30% of full sunlightin the next. Leaf thickness was getting lower in the lower light level and the lowest under 5% of full sunlight (overall0.14~0.24㎜). As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. firmus grows well under 30% and 5% of full sunlight inforest farming.

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and diagnose the drought tolerance of Pleurospermum camtschaticum, Cirsium setidens and Parasenecio firmus leaves by using pressure-volume curves. The result of ψosat and ψotlp were lower in Pleurospermum camtschaticum leaves. On the other hand, it appeared that Emax of Pleurospermum camtschaticum was approximately six times higher than that of Parasenecio firmus. The values of RWCtlp is all above 88% showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better, and Vo/DW, Vt/DW, Ns/DW of Pleurospermum camtschaticum leaves were approximately 2~4 times Lower than other ones. Thus, responses to water relations of Pleurospermum camtschaticum, Cirsium setidens and Parasenecio firmus such as ψosat, ψotlp, Emax, ψP,max, RWCtlp were shown that the Pleurospermum camtschaticum leave was higher drought tolerance than Cirsium setidens and Parasenecio firmus leaves.

This study was carried out to investigate the ecological characteristic of native Parasenecio firmus population in Korea and China. The survey quadrates were located in the middle of the native P. firmus habitats. According to the field survey, the habitats of P. firmus were classified into same Tilia amurensis community in tree layer. The investigation of native habitat in Korea shows that P. firmus inhabited deciduous forest from with T. amurensis, Acer pictum subsp. mono, Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudosieboldianum, which was similar to vegetation structure of Mt. Laoling in China. The result of the cluster analysis which uses SYN-TAX 2000 program, dissimilarity from 53% level was on a large scale divided at 2 units. The research revealed 96 taxa in total, in which 51 families, 81 genera, 21 varieties, 5 forma, 1 sub-species and 67 species were checked in the flora of the native P. firmus habitats.