PURPOSES : This study aims to examine actual cases of providing detour information in accidental situations such as traffic accidents and road construction through a VMS installed on national highways in metropolitan areas with alternative routes, as well as cases of simultaneously providing travel time information on parallel paths such as national and regular highways. For each case, we analyzed whether the provision of VMS traffic information leads to route changes and substantial effects. METHODS : To analyze traffic changes on the main and detour roads based on the detour information provided on traffic accidents in actual cases, the traffic volume and speed on the accident day were compared with those on the same days and at the same time of the day (regular days) based on the VDS data of the main and detour roads. Cases providing more detour information on road construction were investigated by examining three time periods: one week from construction initiation and one week before and after the construction period (regular days). The traffic volume and speed on the main road were compared based on the VDS data, and those on the detour road were compared based on data made available by private entities. Regarding the cases of simultaneously providing drivers with comparative information on travel time over parallel sections of national and regular highways, traffic situation changes in highways were analyzed in the following special traffic control periods (New Year's Day, NY Day), during which congestion is expected due to heavy traffic: before and after the provision of comparative information for 2015 New Year's Day and 2016 NY Day. RESULTS : The detour rate related to route changes based on the detour information for traffic accidents was 35%. On the detour route, the traffic volume increases as traffic from the main road is absorbed. However, the average travel speeds did not differ significantly. When further detour information regarding a road construction project was provided, the detour rate from the main road was 21%. The travel speeds were similar, except on the first day of construction. Almost no changes were observed in the first section of the detour. The speed slightly decreased in the second section but did not significantly hinder the traffic flow. When comparative traffic time information on parallel routes (national highways and expressways) was provided, the traffic volume increased to some extent after the report was provided for every case. However, the data frequency rate in the 5-min unit, which was still under the congestion speed standard (40 km/h), decreased. This indicates that traffic congestion was significantly relieved. CONCLUSIONS : Previous studies on detour rates or route changes based on VMS traffic information have focused on VMS instruments on expressways. Although their estimates were based on simulated situations, this study used actual VMS installed on national highways. In addition, this study utilizes the existing case records of national highway ITS centers, covering traffic situation monitoring, measures for accidental situations, etc., in regular times or special traffic control periods, as well as statistical data, including ITS real-time traffic information. The analysis results of this study accurately represent situations on actual roads and can be utilized to analyze future ITS operation and installation project effects.

The Smart AtoN(Aids to Navigation) project aims to upgrade the facilities of AtoN to provide new additional information to nearby ships and unmanned ships. This paper deals with methods for collecting various sensor data through standardized interfaces; the NMEA-0183(serial line), the NMEA-2000(CAN), and the NMEA OneNet(IPv6). The AIS(Automatic Identification System) and the AIS-ASM(Application Specific Message) are considered as communication means for providing sensor information to nearby ships. In this paper, we summarize existing NMEA sentences for collecting sensor data and AIS-ASM messages that can be used to deliver sensor data to ships. Information provided from the smart AtoN through AIS, ASM, etc. may be presented on the shipborne displays that complies with the IEC62288:2021 standard.

본 연구는 온라인 큐레이션 플랫폼을 이용한 외현적 정보의 제공이 현대미술에 대한 일반대중의 진입장벽을 낮추는 효과를 가지는지 알아보았다. 현대미술은 일반대중이 접근하기 난해한 장르로 여겨져 왔다. 한편, 미술 감상에 대한 연구들은 외현적인 정보의 제공이 미학적 감상 경험에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 밝혔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 작품에 대한 구체적 정보를 제공하는 것이 현대미술을 감상하는 데에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 알아보았으며 감상 경험을 심리학적으로 분석한 Leder et al.(2004)의 이론적 모델에 기초하여 외현적 정보가 어떠한 인지적 처리과정을 도와주는지 분석하였다. 더 나아가 최근의 전시 트렌드를 반영하여 온라인 플랫폼 환경을 적용하였다. 실험 1에서는 작품과 설명문이 제공되었고 작품에 대한 이해도, 관람의향을 보고하였다. 실험 결과, 해설이 제시된 조건에서 작품에 대한 이해도가 더 높았다. 또한, 긴 해설이 제시된 조건에서 해설 이해도와 관람의향을 작품이해도가 완전매개하는 매개모형이 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 ARS 설문을 추가하고 온라인 큐레이션의 능동적인 조작 환경을 재현했다. 실험결과, 해설이 제공된 조건들에서 관람의향, 작품이해도가 더 높았다. 예술사적 의미, 자아성찰, 창의성 등 Leder et al.(2004) 모델의 후기 단계에 해당하는 지표들 역시 해설조건에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 종합하면, 온라인 큐레이션 환경에서의 정보전달이 일반대중의 현대미술 작품에 대한 인지적 처리와 판단에 도움을 줄 수 있었다.

Risk information may be one of the most important factor for worker's safe behavior because that safe behavior can be oriented by attitude based on risk information. Traditionally KAP(knowledge, attitude and practice) model was useful frame for the change of human behavior. Knowledge is formed by information through experience and education. Worker's health may be prevented by his or her own active safe behavior based on risk information. This paper is to investigate the effect of labor union on the provirion of risk information by labor union. Data for analysis is the third Korean Working Conditions Survey done by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2011. The sample size is 50,032 economic active person surveyed by household interview survey with structure questionnaire by trained interviewer. The difference of risk information provision among employees was tested by mean difference test. The level of risk information of employees of companies with labor union is higher than that with non labour union. This paper has some implication for the promotion of safe behavior of employees through risk information provision mediated by labor union. Some limitation of this study may be considered because of using the cross sectional survey data.

Risk information may be one of the most important factor for worker's safe behavior because that safe behavior can be oriented by attitude based on risk information. Traditionally KAP(knowledge, attitude and practice) model was useful frame for the change of human behavior. Knowledge is formed by information through experience and education. Worker's health may be prevented by his or her own active safe behavior based on risk information. This paper is to investigate the effect of labor union on the provirion of risk information by labor union. Data for analysis is the third Korean Working Conditions Survey done by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2011. The sample size is 50,032 economic active person surveyed by household interview survey with structure questionnaire by trained interviewer. The difference of risk information provision among employees was tested by mean difference test. The level of risk information of employees of companies with labor union is higher than that with non labour union. This paper has some implication for the promotion of safe behavior of employees through risk information provision mediated by labor union. Some limitation of this study may be considered because of using the cross sectional survey data.

A series of disaster response drill was conducted using a robust and integrated safety management platform (WINS+) which can provide multi-functions of safety evaluation in realtime, disaster information provision and recovery actions for major water infrastructures, which are designated as nation’s first class infrastructures, under natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes. It is believed that the experience of disaster response drills using the new integrated safety management system (WINS+) enhances our capability of preparedness and response against disasters, and that the validity of WINS+ can be clearly confirmed.