Emerging RNA viruses continue to pose serious threats to animal and human health, necessitating the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents within a One Health framework. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of Desmodesmus multivariabilis extracts against three representative RNA viruses: influenza A virus (IAV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Extracts derived from four closely related microalgal isolates were tested using pre- and post-treatment protocols in vitro. Among them, strain ME749 demonstrated the most potent and consistent antiviral activity, with low cytotoxicity and high selectivity index (SI), particularly against IAV (SI = 23.8), followed by PEDV (SI = 10.7) and HAV (SI = 6.2). ME752 also showed moderate antiviral efficacy. RT-qPCR confirmed significant reductions in viral RNA levels for all three viruses, with ME749 achieving up to 3-log₁₀ reduction in IAV and 2.4-log₁₀ reduction in HAV. These results suggest that the antiviral effect may be mediated through mechanisms beyond direct virucidal activity, potentially involving host immune modulation. Although the active compounds remain unidentified, carotenoids are hypothesized as key bioactive components. This study highlights Desmodesmus multivariabilis, particularly ME749, as a promising source of novel, natural antiviral agents with applications in both veterinary and zoonotic disease control. Future studies including metabolomic profiling, mechanism-of-action analyses, and in vivo validation are warranted to further explore its potential in combating current and emerging RNA virus threats.

Chitin and chitosan, abundant biopolymers from shellfish, crustaceans, and fungal hyphae, have diverse applications in food, biomedical, and industrial sectors. Also, insects offer a one of the chitin and chitosan source, yet research into the biological processes of chitin and chitosan within insects remains inadequate. To investigates the safety and benefits of insect-derived chitin and chitosan, we orally administered crab-derived and insect-derived chitin and chitosan to mice and compared RNA expression. NGS derived sequences were obtained and DEG and GO analyses were performed. This study displays a chance to progress the application of edible insects.

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, colonizes in subgingival crevice and affects surrounding oral tissues, especially in periodontitis patients. Oral cancer mainly occurs in old-aged persons, and are exposed to the P. gingivalis, released from periodontitis, one of the most common inflammatory disease of oral cavity. Thus oral cancer cells may be infected with P. gingivalis, and its biologic behavior are autologously and/or heterogeneously modulated by altering gene expression. Exosomes which are derived from cells contain not only coding genes but also non-coding RNAs such as long non-coding RNAs, miRNA, and piRNAs. Here, to investigate the effect of P. gingivalis on oral cancer cells and to gain insight into the crosstalk between inflammatory signal from tumor microenvironment and oral cancer, we observed miRNA profiles of exosomes from P. gingivalis–infected oral cancer cells. Upregulation of 6 miRNAs, miR-203-3p, miR-6516-3p, miR-483-5p, miR-1275, miR-8485, and miR-19a-3p, were observed whereas 14 miRNAs including let-7a-3p, miR-106a-5p were downregulated. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis using the upregulated- and downregulated- miRNAs showed association with cell adhesion molecules pathway and ECM-receptor interaction pathway, respectively. These findings suggest that P. gingivalis could modulate biologic behavior of oral cancer cells through changes of exosomal miRNAs.

지난 10년 동안, 이중 가닥 RNA (double-stranded RNA, dsRNA)를 이용한 특정 유전자 발현 간섭(RNA interference, RNAi) 기술은 의약품 개발뿐만 아니라 작물보호 분야에 해충방제부터 익충보호까지 다양하게 그 기술이 사용되어 왔다. 그동안 학계 및 산업체에서 활발히 연 구되어 온 RNAi기술을 이용한 작물 및 익충보호제는 상용화를 눈앞에 두고 있다. 미래 농업 시장에서 해충방제제와 익충보호제로써의 개발을 위한 RNAi의 기술적 응용은 상당한 잠재력을 가지고 있지만, 현장에 직접 사용되기에는 아직 여러 가지 한계점이나 극복해야 할 과제가 남아있 다. 본 리뷰에서는 최근에 활발히 진행되고 있는 작물보호제 및 익충보호제(protection of crops and beneficial insects)로써의 dsRNA의 다양 한 활용과 그 잠재성(potential)을 소개하고자 한다.

In moth, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) regulates pheromone biosynthesis by binding to its receptor (PBANr). In this study, we cloned a PBANr gene (Mvi-PBANr) from sex pheromone gland in M. vitrata, which encodes 475 amino acid and includes 7 transmembrane domains. As a results of phylogenetic analysis, Mvi-PBANr is clustered with lepidopteran PBANrs. Mvi-PBANr was investigated for the effect of pheromone biosynthesis via RNA interference (RNAi), gas chromatography (GC) and bioassay. Consequently, expression level of Mvi-PBANr suppressed via RNAi, resulting in decrease pheromone component (E10E12-16:Ald). Mating rate was also reduced when performing the RNAi. These results revealed that Mvi-PBANr played important role in the pheromone biosynthesis in M. vitrata, and Mvi-PBANr can be used as new pest control targets.

Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) is an autocrine and paracrine signal in insects and other animals. Its signal pathways in target cells are well understood in mammalian system but not in insects. Here, we assessed PGE2 signaling in hemocytes of Spodoptera exigua through knocking-down of signal component genes by RNA interference (RNAi) and knocking-out (KO) of PGE2 receptor using CRISPR-Cas9. From S. exigua transcriptome, we selected hemocyte signaling components and analyzed their functions in cellular immune responses through RNAi. KO mutant against PGE2 receptor exhibited severely hampered larval development and adult fecundity.