Currently, Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is widely used in medicine and dentistry. It has been suggested that LLLT may be beneficial in management of many different medical conditions, including pain, wound healing and nerve injury. Stimulation with LLLT can enhance bone repair as reported in experimental studies on bone defects and fracture healing also. As far as hard tissue is concerned, the biostimulating effect of laser has been demonstrated more rapid healing of tibial bone fracture in mice. This study was performed to compare new bone formation between with LLLT and without LLLT. Two cylinder implants(5mm diameter, 5mm length) were implanted on rabbit's tibia. LLLT was done to one implant with 632mm diode laser. And than Rabbit's were sacrificed after 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks after implantation. Bone with implant were removed and fixed with 10% formaline. Undecalfied sample were prepared after spurr low resin embedding. Sample were grind and polished to 100㎛. The results were as follows. The amount of trabeclue of experimental group were superior to that of control group from 2 weeks to 8 weeks. There were no difference in arrangement of trabecule between two groups. Bone implant contact were significantly increased at 4th weeks in experimental group. The number of ostecytes in trabecule were different at 4th weeks experimental group. Osteone were appeared dominantly at 6th weeks experimental group, while at 8th weeks experimental group were superior than control group. LLLT group showed increased amount of trabecule, bone implant contact, number of osteocytes & osteone. It suggested that LLLT might be increase the bone formation rate and accelerate the bone formation time.

Flowering is exquisitely regulated by both promotive and inhibitory factors. Molecular genetic studies with Arabidopsis have verified several epigenetic repressors that regulate flowering time. However, the roles of chromatin remodeling factors in developmental processes have not been well explored in rice. We identified a chromatin remodeling factor OsVIL2 (O. sativa VIN3-LIKE 2) that promotes flowering. OsVIL2 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, which is a conserved motif of histone binding proteins. Insertion mutations in OsVIL2 caused late flowering under both long and short days. In osvil2 mutants OsLFL1 expression was increased, but that of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 was reduced. We demonstrated that OsVIL2 is bound to native histone H3 in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that OsVIL2 was directly associated with OsLFL1 chromatin. We also observed that H3K27me3 was significantly enriched by OsLFL1 chromatin in the wild type, but that this enrichment was diminished in the osvil2 mutants. These results indicated that OsVIL2 epigenetically represses OsLFL1 expression. We showed that OsVIL2 physically interacts with OsEMF2b, a component of polycomb repression complex 2. As observed from osvil2, a null mutation of OsEMF2b caused late flowering by increasing OsLFL1 expression and decreasing Ehd1 expression. Thus, we conclude that OsVIL2 functions together with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1. Transgenic plants over-expressing OsVIL2 flowered early. In addition, they were taller and ticker due to increased in cell number, resulting in yield increase. The same phenotypes were observed from OsVIL4 knockout mutants. These indicate that OsVIL4 represses OsVIL2 function by directly binding to the protein.

Recently remodeling has been preferred to reconstruction. Remodeling the existing building structure by recycling has great advantages compared with reconstruction in terms of environmentally contributions and reduced use of national resourses. However the story increase during remodelling cause serious problems of structure. This paper intoduces a way to analyze remodelled building using MIDAS GEN

This study is to evaluate the classification system of rural-villages remodeling components which is provided for improving the quality of life for rural community by improvement of settlement environment. To achieve this, rural-villages remodeling components are classified according to the spatial structure of rural area through analysis of literature, then we have examined the applicability through case studies after modification work which is based on experts's discussion and rearrangement by pilot investigation of researcher. In the classification system of rural-villages remodeling classified productivity area, residential area, community area in first group and this classification is divided into 6 space to production, 4 space to residence, 5 space to community in second group by literature search, pilot investigation of researcher and field survey. The subject elements surveyed a total of 123 through the literature search, additionally, 1 element at a space to production and space to community in field survey for types in zoning cases. As a result, categories and items are decided that it is included 125 target elements.

Rural policies in Korea have been changed into amenity-oriented ones recently to enhance the quality of life for villigians, which should be supported by the amenity-oriented maintenance system for rural space or environment too. Although so many studies on the classification system of amenity resources had been carried out, few ones which classified them principally by their spatial characteristics had been tried. From the viewpoint mentioned above, this study tried to propose a tentative classification system of amenity resources focussed on their locational characteristics. By the literature review, its draft was prepared, and after 2-round expert checks, the final table determined, which composed of 3-subsystems; green, production and living environment. Through the field application works in two case villages, its practical applicability was ascertained, from which two regarding points were found; public usability of terms and seasonality of amenity resources, especially green ones.