본 연구는 여가활동으로서의 무도스포츠의 역할과 가치를 정립하기 위한 연구의 방향 설정을 위하여 선행연구를 검토하여 대안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 여가관련 학술지의 키워드, 주제 등을 추출하여 국내 학술지의 무도관련 연도별 논문과 현황을 SPSS 기술통계 방법을 사용하여 도출하였으며, 2016 국민생활체육 실태조사 보고서를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석대상은 2005년 부터 2017년 사이의 여가관련 학회지의 ‘무도’와 ‘여가’를 키워드로 수집하였으며, 개별 연구에 대한 내용을 분석하기 위하여 텍스트 분석(interpretative textual analysis)를 실시하였다. 분석결과 2016 국민생활체육 참여실태 조사보고서에 따르면 생활체육 중 강습경험이 있는 종목 중 태권도가 6.1%로 상위 5개 종목 중 5위로 나타났고, 학생들의 교외 체육활동 참여 종목과 향후 가입하고 싶은 동호회 역시 태권도와 검도 가 각각 1순위와 2순위로 확인되어 이미 무도스포츠는 생활스포츠로서 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여가관련 학회지의 무도관련 연구는 2006년과 2010년 각 3편씩으로 가장 많이 발견되었으나 2014 년 이후에는 단 한편의 연구도 수행되지 않은 것으로 나타나 절대적인 연구 편수는 매우 미흡한 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 여가관련 학회지의 연구 주제는 진지한 여가, 여자 대학생, 신체적 자기개념, 사회성 발달, 여가레크리에이션 수업, 직무만족, 생활만족, 수련, 여가제약 등으로 여가와 관련된 무도연구는 양적, 질적 으로 다각적인 접근이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 국내 학술지의 연도별 무도관련 연구 현황을 살펴보면 2007년 23편의 연구 중 2편이 여가를 주제로 수행한 것으로 나타났으며 국내 무도관련 연구와 여가관 련 논문 수의 평균은 5.65%로 그 비율이 매우 낮다. 결론적으로 무도스포츠로서의 여가를 주제로 한 연구의 동향을 분석한 결과 양적으로나 질적으로 개선을 통한 미래사회에서의 삶의 질과 행복감을 높일 수 있는 여가활동으로서의 무도스포츠의 역할과 가치를 재고할 수 있는 향후 연구의 방향을 제시할 필요가 있다.

The glycoprotein hormone family consists of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid stimulating hormone, which are secreted by the pituitary gland in all mammalian species, and choriogonadotropin (CG), which is secreted by the placenta in primates and equids. The hormones are composed of a common α subunit and a hormone specific β subunit which are non-covalently associated. Recent advances in biotechnology, particularly in the production of recombinant proteins, have provided opportunities to produce sufficient quantities of recombinant fish GTHs using various expression hosts. Japanese eel Anguilla japonica is one of the most important fish species being aquacultured in Japan but is hampered from the fact that this species does not reproduce in captivity. Artificial induction of gonadal maturation has been successful by administration of pituitary extracts or human chorionic gonadotropin, but the understanding the regulatory mechanism of gonadal development moderated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) remains elusive due to lack of suitable amounts of eel gonadotropins (GTHs). In the present study, we produced tethered rec-eel LH and deglycosylated mutants (56, 79 and 56-79 of α subunit; 10 of β-subunit) of Asn-linked oligosaccharides in CHO suspension cells. Luteinizing hormone acts through binding to its specific receptor. Binding of ligand to the receptor activates the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway (McFarland et al., 1989; Ji and Ji, 1991a; Rose, 1998) and the inositol 1 phosphate (IP1) secondary messenger systems. After stimulation of eelLH/CG receptor transfected CHO cells with rec-LH wild type (wt) and mutant hormones as a ligand, production of cAMP and IP-1 were evaluated (Cisbio). cAMP IC-50 values by rec-eelLH wt; αΔ56; αΔ79; αΔ56_79 and βΔ10 were 606.2; 374.9; 100.3; 14.2 and 210.9 ng/ml, respectively. IP-1 IC-50 values by rec-eelLH wt; αΔ56; αΔ79; αΔ56.79 and βΔ10 were 28.3; 16.04; 4.3; 2.1 and 3.6ng/ml, respectively too. As seen in both of the second messenger production, general stimulatory pattern is analogous. cAMP and IP-1 stimulation by wild type and αΔ56, as well as αΔ79 and βΔ10 were approximate, but the stimulating effect of double mutant (αΔ56_ 79) was drastically higher. According to the data, deglycosylated eelLH may bind to the receptor with high affinity and cAMP production is gradually increased. Furthermore, receptor activation by tethered rec-eel mutant ligands (FreeStyle CHO-MAX Expression System) will be evaluated with β arrestin recruitment and GPCR internalization for N-linked oligosaccharides’ biological role in activation of eelLH/CGR.

Today's dynamic market necessitates the need for the marketing communication stimuli, which engages with the audience as consumers have become less attentive to traditional advertising. It is imperative to gain deeper understanding of how brand evaluations and subsequently brand relationships are created to allow for a successful marketing strategy. Within that context, the role of characters becomes important in placing brands in TV programmes as results of this study indicate that only character interacting with the placed brands were significant for the audience's likelihood to talk about the brands shown in a given placement sequence. Thus, industry practitioners may need to identify clear outcomes for the placed brand (generate awareness, enduring attitude/likability) before adopting the placement modality and media vehicle for its execution. The findings from this study provide promising results to strengthen the growing evidence of the importance engaging consumer experiences for effective buzz-marketing.

Jeong Woo-tae(?-1809) was a military official who had worked as Byeol-Gan-Yeok in the governmental construction works during the late 18th century through the early 19th century. Byel-Gan-Yeok, literally a special technician, was an official post in the governmental construction works that carries specific technical tasks from the mid 18th century. Over 30 years, Jeong Woo-tae had devoted himself in the construction of various royal tombs, city walls, and palace buildings. He showed superb and various techniques in the works of stone carving and architectural details. After finishing the construction of the tomb of King Jeong-jo's father successfully, he was appointed as a governor of a rural town. Being on duty of the governor, he used to participate in the construction works as a technician. He also made a couple of innovative devices in the field of construction, like a carrying apparatus, Byel-Nok-No. His works secured the setting up of the post of Byel-Gan-Yeok in the governmental construction system in the 19th century. But his technical achievement remained as his own private works rather than developing to the universal growth of the craftsmen's skill. This might be a limitation of the Byel-gan-Yeok's role, whose position was remained in the midway between official and craftsman.

Purpose: We examined the mediating role of physical self-worth in the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in Korean adolescents. Methods: Data from 236 middle school students were used for the present study (boys = 139, 58.9%; girls = 97, 41.1%; middle school first grade = 127, 53.8%; middle school third grade = 109, 46.2%). Questionnaire data on demographics, physical activity, physical self-worth, subdimnesions of quality of life, and global quality of life were collected. We utilized the Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS Macro to test mediation models. Results: Results revealed that physical activity was associated with physical self-worth, which in turn, was associated with subdimensions of quality of life (e.g., physical, psychological, and emotion and moods quality of life) and global quality of life. Conclusion: More physical activity led to higher perceptions of physical self-worth, thereby contributing to higher perceptions of quality of life. Implications and directions for future research were discussed.