너도밤나무속(Fagus spp.)은 북반구 온대 활엽수림의 대표적인 속(genus) 중 하나로 우리나라에는 울릉도에만 자생 하는 너도밤나무(Fagus multinervis)가 있다. 본 연구는 너도밤나무속에 대해 기후적인 관점으로 우리나라 육지에서의 생육 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 종분포모형(SDM) 중 기계학습(machine learning)인 Maxent(Maximum entropy) 모형을 이용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 유형은 5가지로 우리나라 너도밤나무만을 대상으로 한 유형(Case1_Fm), F. multinervis와 F. japonica를 묶은 유형(Case2_Fmj), F. multinervis와 F. crenata를 묶은 유형(Case3_Fmc), 3종을 모두 합친 유형(Case4_Fmjc), 각 종마다 분석한 뒤 중첩한 유형(Case5_Ovlp)으로 분류하였다. 분석결과 Case1_Fm은 우리나라 육지에서 생육 가능성이 거의 나타나지 않았으며, Case2_Fmj~Case5_Ovlp의 경우 동해안 일부 지역에서 낮은 생육 가능성이 나타났다. 이때 주요 환경변수는 가장 따뜻한 달의 최고기온(Bio5)과 강수량 계절성(Bio15)이었다. 또한, Worldclim의 Bioclim 환경변수를 이용해 우리나라 전체, 우리나라 육지에서 생육 가능성이 나타난 동해안 지역, 3종에 대한 너도밤나무속 출현지점에 대하여 환경 특성을 분석하였다. 우리나라 전체 평균과 달리 동해안 지역, F. multinervis 관측지점은 계절적인 온도 차이가 작고, 강수량 변동이 높지 않아 계절성이 강하지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과는 너도밤나무 조경수 생육을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것이라 기대한다.

금번 연구를 통해 외래산림해충 확산 분석 플랫폼 K-SDM (K-SDM)의 해충 분포 기능이 개발되었다. 해충 분포를 보여주는 기능은 2가지로 구현되며, 조사 자료를 바탕으로 현재 국내의 해충 분포를 나타내는 “외래산림 해충분포”기능과 데이터를 분석하여 예측되는 미래의 해충 분포를 제공하는 “외래산림해충예측”기능이 있다. “외래산림해충분포”는 조사자에 의해 현장에서 구축된 DB 현황을 지도상에 수치로 나타내며, 입력 기간, 해충 종 별로 구분이 가능하여 원하는 해충종의 분포를 선택하여 볼 수 있다. 지도 좌측에는 각 도별로 조사된 해충 개체수의 통계를 도표로 제공하여 수치상으로도 해충 분포를 파악할 수 있다. “외래산림해충예측”은 DB를 분석 하고 미래 기후 시나리오를 적용하여 도출한 미래의 해충 예측 분포도를 사용자에게 제공되며, 미리보기 이미지 와 함께 원본자료가 첨부되어 좀 더 자세한 정보를 열람할 수 있다. 본 플랫폼의 해충 분포 기능은 최근 기후변화 등으로 외래산림해충의 발생이 증가하는 추세에 맞춰 이들의 현재 분포와 미래의 분포양상을 조기 파악하여 이를 통한 추후 조기 방제 및 대응책 마련 등에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

Embryo transfer is one of the important process of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and that is associated with uterus endometrial receptivity. Recently, mouse endometrial stimulation by artificial injury had shown the favorable effect on conception. In this experiment, we used uterus stimulation method that injury the endometrium to increase implantation rate for spontaneous Diabetes Mellitus (sDM) rat. Rats are divided into several groups involved a control group. We performed the surgical method to Experimental group bilaterally or unilaterally After that, we investigated morphological change and calculated implanted embryos respective sides of the uterus. The number of implanted embryo in the experimental group was significantly higher and there were lots of morphological changes including glands and endometrial cells that support implantation. Our results showed that rat uterus endometrial injury in ART help enhancing implantation rate.

Superovulation is a technique to acquire rats to produce many eggs than normal rats. Superovulated eggs were used to make cloned animals through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology (SCNT). Healthy and valuable oocyte retrieval is essential for successful somatic cell nuclear transfer. Superovulation is also essential to maximize to the yield of IVF-derived rat eggs. Osmotic pumps (Alzet®) are miniature in order to provide research with a convenient, and reliable alternative to chronic injections. Acquiring superovulated oocytes through osmotic pump in minimizing irritation to the uterus and ovaries are competitive. We investigated the effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) using osmotic pump in sDM rat. Adult female rats at 11 wks of age were used for superovulation. The response to PMSG and hCG were examined by osmotic pump of 150 IU/kg PMSG + 75 IU/kg hCG or 150 IU/kg PMSG + 150 IU/kg hCG or 300 IU/kg PMSG + 150 IU/kg hCG or 300 IU/kg PMSG + 300 IU/kg hCG. HCG was administered 48 hrs later after administration of PMSG. Oocytes were collected from the oviducts 16–18 hrs after hCG administration. Superovulation was significantly higher in rats administrated 150 IU/kg PMSG + 75 IU/kg hCG. This study demonstrated that healthy oocytes were produced in DM rat by PMSG and hCG that flowed through the osmotic pump ameliorate on uterus and ovaries.

Several species show low sensitivity to IVM, and the development of optimized medium possible oocyte quality and stable growth. Furthermore, adding additive to the medium can effectively reducing development cost and leads to easy handling of oocytes. Isoliquritigenin and formononetin are extracts found in licorice. Previous studies reported that isoliquritigenin and formononetin affected the activity of sperm, but the oocytes are unknown. This study adds isoliquritigenin or formononetin to αMEM to mature oocytes under simple IVC conditions. Recovered oocytes are cultured in αMEM, isoliquritigenincontaining medium and formononetin-containing medium. In study we proved that in addition to the medium, above the quality of oocytes cultured when specific additives were added, more stable growth is possible. collection and IVM of oocyte. SD rats at 6 to 8 wks of age are injected is intraperitoneal with 30 IU/mL of PMSG and 48 hrs later, HCG 50 IU/mL is intraperitoneal injected. Oocytes are collected ovary after 17 hrs. Collected oocytes are cultured for 16 hrs with 200 μL αMEM and 200 μL αMEM containing isoliquritigenin or formononetin at 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.1 mg/mL. Also, isoliquritigenin and formononetin were mixed with 200 μL αMEM at a ratio of 0.25: 0.75, 0.50: 0.50, and 0.75: 0.25 mg/mL respectively. Oocytes supplemented with isoliquritigenin and Formononetin had high quality than oocytes cultured with αMEM and showed an increase in the IVF fertility rate. Our experimental results indicate that using isoliquritigenin, formononetin when cell culture, rather than used only in medium, more effective oocyte quality and stable growth.

The first record of Melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, was in 1993 in Korea, and the species has become severe pest in agricultural industry. We used two different SDMs(Species Distribution Model) which have different approaches to analyse potential distribution of the pest species in climate change scenario, MaxEnt and CLIMEX. The MaxEnt model uses historical occurrence records with environmental variables to estimate the realized niche, and CLIMEX model simulates the fundamental niche of the object based on the seasonal phenology. In MaxEnt simulation, we reduced the number of variables to avoid multi-collinearity problem until we had no pairs with an absolute Pearson correlation coefficient higher than 0.8. BIO1(Annual Mean Temperature), BIO2(Mean diurnal range), BIO3(Isothermality), BIO4(Temperature seasonality) were finally selected as predictor, and we used 10 fold cross validation option to replicate. The averaged results were used to index analysis. The CLIMEX results, The Ecoclimate Index(EI), were also normalized in 0 to 1 scale to analysis. Under RCP 8.5 climate change scenario, in 2070s, the distribution of Thrips palmi was predicted to expand their territory overall agricultural area in Korea.