This study was conducted to analyze seasonal variations of de-icing salt ions harvested from soils and plants according to salt damage of Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis, a evergreen conifer, on roadsides. Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis was divided into three groups referred to SD, ND, and WD (serious salt damage (SD) = 71 100%, normal salt damage (ND) = 31 70%, and weak salt damage (WD) = 0 30%) based on the degree of visible foliage damage, and measured acidity (pH), electrical conductivity(EC), and de-icing salt ions (K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Mg2+) harvested from soils and plants. The results indicated that acidity, electrical conductivity, and de-icing salt ions of soils and plants were significantly affected by seasonal variation and salt damage. In addition, a strong positive liner relationship was observed in plants between the concentration of de-icing salts and salt damage in spring, while the relationship among seasonal variation and salt damage in soil were not significant. The results from this study has important implications for the management of conifer species in relation to salinity and roadsides maintenance.

In this study, a case study on the field survey method and repair and reinforcement method of reinforced earth retaining wall damaged by salinity was carried out.

As the usage of supplementary additives such as blast furnace slag and fly ash for concrete was increased, the carbonation of concrete has been a problem. Hence, in this research, as a solution of carbonation of the high-volume supplementary additive concrete, the effect of waste oil based liniment on carbonation and chloride resistivity was analyzed when it applied on the surface of the concrete.