This study presents how two types of integrated science and engineering lessons affect students’ engineering problem solving skills and their perceptions of engineering. In total, 146 middle school students participated in this study. Eighty-six students participated in the Type I lesson (complete engineering design lesson with a science knowledge application) and 60 students participated in the Type II lesson (engineering design without a science knowledge application). Two main datasets, (1) students’ Creative Engineering Problem Solving Propensity (CEPSP) measurement scores and (2) open-ended survey questions about students’ perceptions of engineering, were collected before and after the lessons. The results of this study show that after participating in the Type I lesson, students’ CEPSP scores significantly increased, whereas the CEPSP scores of the students who participated in the Type II lesson did not increase significantly. In addition, students who participated in the Type I lesson perceived engineering and the engineering integrated science lesson differently compared to the students who participated in the Type II lesson. The results of this study show that engineering integrated science, technology, engineering & mathematics (STEM) lessons should include a complete engineering design and a science knowledge application to improve students’ engineering problem solving skills.

본 연구는 과학공학 융합 수업을 통해 학생들의 공학과 공학자에 대한 인식이 어떻게 변화되었는지 알아보기 위 한 연구이다. 본 연구에서 사용한 과학공학 융합 수업은 제한된 예산과 시간동안 공학적 문제를 해결하는 24차시 수업으로 설계되었으며 20명의 초등 과학 영재 학생들에게 적용하였다. 본 연구의 주요데이터는 공학자 그림 그리기와 설명문 항, 그리고 이에 대한 개별 인터뷰와 초점 집단 면접을 통해 수집되었으며, 공학자 그리기에 대한 설명과 인터뷰는 전사 내용을 토대로 양적(빈도분석과 대응표본 t-검증), 질적 분석 방법을 모두 사용하여 분석하였다. 과학공학 융합 수업은 과학 영재 학생들의 공학 설계에 대한 이해에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 공학과 공학자, 그리고 공학 과 사회의 관계에 대한 인식도 바람직한 방향으로 변화하였다. 공학은 여러명이 협력하는 사회적인 활동이라는 인식, 그리고 공학자의 윤리의식, 공학의 사회적 가치 등 공학과 사회의 관계에 대한 인식도 바람직하게 변화하였다.

In the international businesses human resource elements acquired in different countries might have different values in varied industries due to the different quality of education and experiences in the original countries. Using selection models to evaluate expected values in earnings equation of human resource elements such as education and experiences etc. acquired in sending countries, system equations are expanded to examine also the values of science and engineering degrees in technology jobs with selectivity bias correction. This paper used the US census survey data of 2015 on earnings, academic degrees, occupations etc. The US has long maintained the policy of accepting more STEM workers than any other countries and helped maintaining own technological leadership. Assuming per capita GDP gap between the sending country and the US downgrades immigrant human resource quality, it rarely affects occupational selection but depresses earnings on average by two or more years’ worth of education. Immigrant quality index in the sense of GDP gap appears to be a valid tool to assess the expected earnings of the worker with. Engineering degrees increase significantly the probability of selecting not only engineering jobs but also general management jobs, as well as increasing the expected earning additionally over nine years’worth of education. Getting a technology job is additionally worth about four years of education. Economics and business degrees are worth additionally almost six years of education but humanities degrees depress expected earnings. Since years after immigration does not very fast enhance earnings capacity, education level and English language ability might be more useful criteria to expect better future earnings by.

In international businesses human resource elements acquired in different countries might have different values in varied industries due to different quality of education and experiences in original countries. Using existing models to evaluate expected values of human resource elements such as education and experience setc. acquired in sending countries they are expanded to examine also the values of science and engineering degrees in technology jobs with selectivity bias correction. This paper used the US census survey data of 2015 on earnings, academic degrees etc. to contrast qualitative effects with quantitative effects of human resource elements compared to those in the native and/or white group.

Urban planning and engineering undergraduate students need to understand the earth physical systems and that how human beings interact with the earth systems to planning and engineering urban area. The eco-friendly or geofriendly design and planning of an urban area is a critical issue not only for economic benefits but more importantly for the sustainable future of urban life. However, little study has been done dealing with the urban engineering students’ understanding of the earth as a system and what pedagogical approach is appropriate to improve their understanding of the earth as a system. This study is to investigate the impact of a purposely designed ESS course on urban engineering students’ understanding of the earth as a system and their perceptions about the instructional approaches of the course on their learning competency. This study utilized a mixed-methodology with three main data sources: concept maps, student’s perception survey about their learning competency, and course contents. Both the survey and concept maps were analyzed quantitatively as well as qualitatively. The result of this study showed that the urban engineering students’ experience of team-based research about the topic they chose based on their own interest had a positive impact on their understanding of the earth as a system and their learning competency. The results of this study suggest that structuring and presenting the earth system contents in the context of engineering students’ understanding and their future career be effective not only for the improvement of students’ content knowledge but also for the enhancement of their learning competency such as creativity and problem-solving skills in everyday life situation

This study explores the impact of a STEM integration teacher professional development program focusing on teachers’ perception of engineering and their attitudes toward integrating engineering into teaching. A total of sixty-eight teachers from ten schools participated in the program for five days. Data are collected from three main sources including (1) pre and post concept maps probing teachers’ perceptions about the engineering discipline, (2) a pre and post survey measuring teachers’ self-efficacy of teaching science/mathematics within the engineering context, and (3) engineering integrated science and (or) mathematics lesson plans and teaching reflections. This study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods depending on the data we have collected. The results show that both science and math teachers thought that integrating engineering into teaching provided valuable outcomes, i.e., promoting students’ learning about engineering and improving their interest in science or math through real-world problem solving exercises. Participants also felt more comfortable about integrating engineering in their teaching after the program. The results also imply that the teachers’ understandings of engineering become more concrete after the program. This study also provides an overview of the challenges and advantages of teaching engineering in K-12 science and mathematics classrooms.

"The Arts of Music" in a scientific and humanistic approach for the department of science and engineering starts with a basic premise that music courses established as liberal arts in college should focus on certain topics instead of an introduction to the study. That is, the intent of this study was to show that music as liberal arts in college could achieve more efficient and rational operation and generate greater educational effects when being integrated into certain topics based on its connections with other majors. Presenting a concept of music history, appreciation, and theory combined together, "The Arts of Music" was designed to increase the thinking abilities and emotional expressive skills of students in the Department of Science and Engineering and offer an ideal course in the line of correlations between music and science in the approach of humanities and social science. The lecture schedule of "The Arts of Music" was determined to include 32 hours over total 16 weeks according to the undergraduate school. Each of the four topics, which were mathematics, natural science, space science, and applied science, would have four weeks. The first category would cover correlations and interactions between music and mathematics within their relations including the creation of notes according to the vibration rate, Roman numeral analysis to analyze music chords in numbers, and the acoustic features of the Baroque Period represented by figured bass. The second category would cover natural science and music, presenting The Four Seasons by Vivaldi, The Pastorale Symphony by Beethoven, Raindrops by Chopin, and Winterreise by Schubert. The third one would cover space science and music. Music began to be discussed in the principles of celestial bodies in the literature of Middle Ages. There is man in the universe, and man creates music. Adopting the philosophy, the study talked about stories about space science in music history. The topic featured Pierre Lunaire by Schoenberg, Clair de Lune by Debussy, and The Planet by Holst. The final category would cover applied science meeting music, dealing with various changes caused by the impact of electricity and electronics on music. Its examples include Sinfonia by Berio, Ionisation by Varese, and modern versions of Canon by Pachelbel arranged by many pop musicians. The teaching method-based approach will help the students in the Department of Science and Engineering increase their interest and participation in lectures, efficiently cultivate artistic and humanistic culture, and develop the ability of seeing music from a humanistic perspective, thus recognizing that music language can be a means of enriching their lives.

The present study explored the actual target discourse of oral presentations in science and engineering graduate classrooms. First, three target tasks were identified from the combination of class observation, interviews with instructors, and surveys of students: to report the research in a logical way, to clarify ideas, and to deliver the speech in an interactional speaking style. Second, the analysis of target discourse addressed how the language was used in carrying out each task. The native speakers employed a mixture of the rhetorical structures of the research article, conference presentation, and lecture introduction to organize ideas in a logical way. Also they utilized syntactic structures and lexical devices unique to oral presentations to help the audience better understand main points of the research; however, the nonnative speakers often failed to perform well-organized presentations and delivered in written text style. Pedagogic implications were suggested for the specific needs of science and engineering graduate students.

본 연구는 학습자의 과학과 공학에 대한 ‘어려움’이라는 부정적 인식 개선이 목적이다. 연구를 위해 4개 구인으로 구성된 설문도구를 개발했다. 실험을 위해 게이미피케이션이 적용된 학습 콘텐츠를 사용했다. 실험은 춘천에 위치한 A 대학교 학생 58명을 대상으로 진행했다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 게이미피케이션이 적용된 학습 콘텐츠가 과학 & 공학에 대한 부정적인 인식 개선에 대해 긍정적으로 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 과학 & 공학의 부정적 인식 개선과 더불어, 과학과 공학적 지식 습득에 대한 지속가능성에 대해 논의한다.