Focusing on Hwaseokjeong in Paju, the work seeks to clarify the social production of Nujeong (樓亭: Korean traditional pavilions) space, which took place over the 1960s and 70s, and its cultural-political implications. To make the effort as such meaningful, a theoretical framework based not merely on the thesis of ‘social production of space’ advocated by Henri Lefebvre but especially on some discussions related to ‘state production of space’ is prepared, according to which Hwaseokjeong is analyzed and explained. As a consequence, two principal arguments are put forward: one is that Hwaseokjeong was a social space which had been built and constructed in accordance with the unique mode of production dominating Korean society at that time called ‘the state mode of production (le mode de production étatique )’; the other is that what lies beneath the denotation of a ‘social space of tradition restoration’ that Hwaseokjeong appears to carry is in fact the connotation of ‘infiltration of anti-communist ideology’. All of these claims are once again supported both by examining Roland Barthes's semiology and mythologies and by considering Hwaseokjeong's Pyeonaek (扁額: a plaque or framed text) as ‘the practice of naming power through J esa (題詞: inscribing dedications)’. While providing a succinct summary, the paper finally evaluates what ‘social production of space’ implies to social practices of architecture and related criticisms by taking into account the relationship between visibility and readability of space including buildings.

PURPOSES : In this study, the social cost of on-street parking spaces was estimated by dividing it into private and external costs. METHODS : We established a methodology and conducted a case analysis of Seoul. Private costs were estimated from the guidelines and historical data collected. The opportunity cost of the land was estimated using spatial information. External costs built a macroscopic model (using TransCAD) and estimated travel time, operation, accident, and environmental costs. RESULTS : The social cost per space was estimated at 77 million won. Private costs were analyzed as 133.3 billion won, the opportunity cost of the land was 68,555 billion won, and external costs were 118,25 billion won in 2020. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, a methodology for estimating the social cost of a road parking facility was established and applied to the case of Seoul. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the objective reviewing of the feasibility of policy evaluation or facility investment related to parking facilities.

There is growing interest in the various functions of urban green spaces that can improve urban resilience. Urban green spaces have an important role in wildlife habitat, climate and hydrological control, and recreation and outdoor activities. The connectivity of a green space network is known to control urban resilience by minimizing the disturbance caused by urbanization and climate change and strengthening the adaptation capacity. In this study, we analyzed the social-ecological network characteristics of green space in the city of Jeonju, South Korea. To analyze the ecological network, we defined wildlife habitat as the ecological node and used an index based on graph theory. We defined residential area as the social node, and we analyzed the accessibility of green space from the residential area to assess the social network. The results indicate that the green spaces in Jeonju are highly connected in the social and ecological perspectives on the fringe of the city. However, our founding also indicated that the social and ecological connectivity of the green space network in the downtown area should be improved. This study can be used as a basis for establishing an Urban Open Space Conservation Plan that considers the improvement of urban resilience in the future.

본 연구는 사회적 트라우마를 남기게 되었던 사건·사고에 대한 국내외 추모시설을 대상으로, 사회적 공감과 치유의 공간으로서 기능강화 및 기능회복을 도모하기 위해 주디스 허먼의 트라우마 치유회복단계를 적용하여 고찰하였다. 연구방법으로는 전문서적, 보고서, 논문이나 인터넷 자료, 직접 답사 등을 통해 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 그 결과, 국내사례의 경우 대부분 치유회복의 1단계 안정에 대한 기능은 보유하고 있으나, 기억과 애도의 기능은 매우 약한 것으로 평가된다. 희생자의 가족과 지인에게만 제공되는 추모의 공간기능이 일부 이루어질 뿐, 일반인들에 대한 기억과 애도의 기능은 거의 없다. 국외사례의 경우 1단계 안전과 2단계 기억과 희생을 추모할 수 있는 충분한 공간기능을 최대화하고 있으며, 3단계 평화와 사랑의 중요성 등을 함께 공감할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 있다. 상기의 결과를 바탕으로 국내 메모리얼 공간적 기능향상 을 위한 시사점을 제시하면, 1단계 안전에 대한 명확한 의미전달을 위해 장소성, 연결성이 매우 중요하다. 2단계 기억과 애도의 기능강화를 위해서는 방문객들이 아픔을 공감할 수 있는 다양한 체험의 기회를 오감을 적극 활용하여 제공해야 한다. 3단계 연결과 공통성의 회복을 위해서는 1, 2단계와의 선순환적 공간기능이 필수적이다. 방문객들의 공간내 체재시간 확대를 유도를 통해 메모리얼의 의미, 공간의 명확한 목적과 기능을 우선적으로 수립되어야 한다.