A biological assessments of fish community structure were carried out in the lower reach of Seomjin River from May 2009 to November 2010. The collected fish from the six surveyed sites were 63 species belonging to 24 families, and 10 orders. Although species was different depending on sites, the numbers of individuals were not shown significance on sites. Locational dominant species were different. For example, the dominant species on May were Zacco platypus at W-1, Zacco temminckii at W-2, Acanthogobius flavimanus at W-3 and W-4, and Leiognathus nuchalis at W-5 and W-6. There is no seasonal differences in species. Species diversity was the best up to 2.64 on May at W-1 from 1.33 on November at W-6. As a result of an analysis about environmental factors for the numbers of fish species and individuals in each surveyed sites, the most effective groups were DO, BOD, and COD. The proportional difference was high on May than November between transient and asymptotic projections for population size and population growth rate for simulations starting at the current or theoretical stage distribution.

The genus Rubus belongs to the Rosaceae family and is comprised of 600-800 species distributed worldwide. Understanding the genetic relationships and genetic structure in Rubus species is important for enabling efficient management, conservation, characterization and utilization of the species. However, as a minor crop, genetic research foundation was limited to explore genetic diversity and relationships in Rubus species. The present study shows the results of application SSR markers that were developed from SSR-enriched libraries of the one Rubus species (Rubus coreanus Mique.) in our previous study. We used 34 polymorphic microsatellite markers to analysis of genetic diversity within the Rubus species, including redraspberry, blackraspberry, blackberry and mountainberry. All the 34 SSR primers pairs produced 483 polymorphic and reproducible amplification fragments. The largest number of alleles per primer pair was confirmed at GB-RC-167, GB-RC-100, GB-RC-076 and GB-RC-245, which contained 26, 25, 23 and 21, respectively. An average value of polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 0.74 with a range of 0.36 to 0.92. Population structure and phylogenetic analyses showed that all Rubus species formed three largely distinct clusters, which were confirmed by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). We obtained the results that the developed SSR markers showed a substantial degree of genetic diversity in the various Rubus species distributed in Korea.

Shannon and Simpson indexes are used for species diversity analysis of ecosystem. In species diversity analysis of ecosystem, not only frequency of each species but also survey size have to be considered. In this study, total information composed with knowledge and ignorance was suggested as a species diversity analysis method for ecosystem survey. To apply developed method, flora in the Sangachun river valley was sampled with 19 sites and 198 species. In applying results, Shannon index shows more reasonable results than Simpson index by the variance of sample size but has difficulties of determining the relation of surveying species number and sample site number. Suggested total information can overcome this difficulty by the relation of knowledge and ignorance.

북극지역에 분포하는 Saxifraga 속에 식물종들은 분류가 까다롭고 연구보고가 매우 적다. 북극권인 노르웨이령 Svalbard와 한국에서 수집된 16종의 Saxifraga 속 식물의 RAPD를 통하여 유전적 다형성을 비교하였다. 실험에 활용한 12 종류의 URP primer 중 4종의 primer를 이용하여 총 79개(44.8%)의 다형성을 가진 DNA 밴드를 선발하여 UPGMA 분석으로 유전적 다형성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 북극 Svalbard에서 수집된 9종의 Saxifraga 속 식물들이 한국에서 수집된 종들에 비해 유전적 다형성이 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 유사도 매트릭스를 활용한 분석 결과는 두 지역에 수집된 종들간에 비교적 뚜렷한 구룹을 형성하였으며, 한국 분포종의 RAPD는 북극 Svalbard 지역에 분포하는 종들에 비해 유사도가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 우리는 두 지역에 분포하는 종들 간의 형태적 유사성이 유전적 유사성과 일치하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 분석 결과를 통하여 두 지역간의 지리적 격리, 집단내 영양 생식, 그리고 두 지역간의 환경조건의 차이가 높은 수준의 유전적 다형성을 형성하는 요인이 될 것으로 추론할 수 있었다.