이 논문에서는 고속철도교량 설계를 위한 활하중 모델을 통계 및 확률적 방법으로 검토하고, 하중조합의 하중계수가 주는 안전율을 분석하였다. 이 연구는 철도교량 설계기준에 대한 한계상태설계법 개발의 일환이며, 이를 위하여 경부고속철도를 운행하는 열차를 대상으로 약 한달 동안 실측하여 데이터를 수집하고 분석하였다. 이 데이터를 대상으로 교량의 설계수명에 맞도록 4가지 통계 방법들을 적용하여 설계하중을 추정하여 비교․검토하였다. 또한, 철도교량의 설계하중조합이 주는 안전율을 검토하기 위하여 신뢰도지수를 구하고 이를 분석하였다. 실측 데이터로부터 추정한 활하중효과에 대하여, 현행 고속철도 설계활하중인 표준열차하중의 0.75배를 적용한 설계활하중 효과의 크기가 최소 30～22% 더 크게 나왔다. 신뢰도분석을 통하여, 극한한계상태만을 기준으로 본다면, 추가적인 하중계수 감소의 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있다.

The paper reviews the methodologies of confirmatory data analysis(CDA) and exploratory data analysis(EDA) in statistical quality control(SQC), design of experiment(DOE) and reliability engineering(RE). The study discusses the properties of flexibility, openness, resistance and reexpression for EDA.

This study was undertaken to find out national level changes in area, production and yield of two major staple crops wheat and potato in Bangladesh. The time series of secondary data was collected from yearbook of agricultural statistics under Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and used for the statistical analysis during the thirty-year period of 1989/90-2018/19. Moreover, selected data were divided into two groups and regarded as segment (1989/90-2003/04, 2005/06-2018/19) to examine the significant level in each crop. The results of different statistical techniques showed that wheat cultivated area and production were satisfactory level but yield was not too much standard in context of country demand. In the case of potato, yield as well as cultivated area and production were crossed the significant level and fulfilled the demand of population. In recent few years, the ratio of potato production rapidly increased, compared with the cultivation area. Based on segment (period) analysis, at the first half wheat production was always below, compared with the area but second half nine years saw slightly improved. On the other hand, in both segment potato growth rate in area, production and yield were increased throughout the study period. The highest instability was also shown in area, production and yield of potato during whole as well as segmented period. There was always a positive relationship between country’s demand and supply. Both wheat and potato are considered as staple crops and based on the productive capability over cultivated area, potato showed the higher productivity for the country of Bangladesh. In consequences, potato consuming demand also rapidly increased all over the country, compared with past respectively.

National parks, which are preserved areas of 6,726.298 km2(3,972.589 km2 on land and 2,753.709 km2, at sea), take up 6.71% of the national territory, and they are classified by type into 17 mountain parks, 4 maritime or coastal parks, and 1 historical site park. Of them all, the maritime or coastal national parks, which are preserved areas covering wide tracts of maritime, lately attract increasing numbers of visitors. In this light, this study identifies the issues with the maritime or coastal national parks such as the changes in the number of visitors and the unbalance involved in the budget execution, based on the visitors to the national parks and the specifics of budget executed for them. On this basis, the study has conducted the research with a view to suggesting improvements for more useful management and operation of the maritime or coastal national parks. As a result, the study has reached the following conclusions. First, to accommodate those who want to visit the maritime or coastal national parks, the tour infrastructure needs to be expanded to guide the visitors’ use of the facilities by focusing on their touring behavior and characteristics. Second, budget should be acquired through diversifying revenue structure to eliminate hugely unbalanced budget. Third, visitors nowadays come to national parks for recreational experience or to tour nature, but the maritime or coastal national parks focus on cultural facilities. To accommodate the visitors’ needs, the parks should get diversified visitor facilities that reflect the regional characteristics.

A statistical analysis for 3651 genetic resources collected from China (1,542), Japan (1,409), Korea (413), and India (287) was conducted using normal distribution, variability index value (VIV), analysis of variation (ANOVA) and Ducan’s multiple range test (DMRT) based on a data obtained from NIRS analysis. In normal distribution, the average protein content was 8.0%, whereas waxy type amylose and common rice amylose were found to be 8.7% and 22.7%, respectively. The protein contents ranged from 5.4 to 10.6% at the level of 95%. The waxy amylose and common rice amylose ranged from 5.9 to 11.5%, and from 16.9 to 28.5% at 95% confidence level, respectively. The VIV was 0.59 for protein, 0.64 for low amylose, and 0.81 for high amylose contents. The average amylose contents were 18.85% in Japanese, 19.99% in Korean, 20.27% in Chinese, and 25.46% in Indian resources, while the average protein contents were found to be 7.23% in Korean, 7.73% in Japanese, 8.01% in Chinese, and 8.17% in Indian resources. The ANOVA of amylose and protein content showed significant differences at the level of 0.01. The F-test for amylose content was 158.34, and for protein content 53.95 compared to critical value 3.78. The DMRT of amylose and protein content showed significant difference (p<0.01) between resources of different countries. Japanese resources had the lowest level of amylose contents, whereas, the lowest level of protein content was found in Korean resources compared to other origins. Indian resources showed the highest level of amylose and protein contents. It is recommended these results should be helpful to future breeding experiments.

In this study database on the results of in-depth inspection was built and statistical analysis was performed on the major faults for concrete dams. using condition evaluation results for existing concrete dams.

본 연구에서는 화재조사데이터를 이용하여 화재에 영향을 미치는 각종 위험요인들을 파악하고자 통계적인 방법을 이용하여 화재피해, 화재원인, 발화환경을 분석하였다. 통계적인 분석과정에서 고려한 변수들은 화재조사데이터 181개와 통계청 데이터 26개로서 총 207개 가운데 유의미한 것으로 판단되는 184개만을 대상변수들로 선정하였다. 대상지역은 수도권지역(서울, 경기, 인천)을 대상으로 하여 화재발생유형의 정확한 원인을 반영할 수 있는 변수들을 도출하는데 역점을 두었다. 연구결과, 화재로 인한 인명피해는 수도권 전체 평균 대비 3지역(서울, 경기, 인천)은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 재산피해는 서울지역의 강북구, 서초구, 강남구, 종로구, 동대문구, 용산구, 금천구, 중구와 경기도 지역의 가평군, 이천시, 인천광역시의 옹진군 지역이 피해가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 화재원인 분석결과, 서울지역의 경우 화재유형, 발화요인, 동력원, 발화지점, 연소확대범위의 해당 변수에서는 지역구별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 대부분 화재원인은 발화열원인 작동기기가 최빈값을 보였다. 또한, 최초착화물은 전기 및 전자, 발화기기에서는 주방기기, 연소확대물에서는 종이, 목재, 건초 등이 최빈값으로 나타났다. 경기도 지역의 경우는 발화층, 동력원, 화재유형 변수에서는 지역구별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 화재원인으로 발화열원의 대부분은 작동기기가 최빈값을 보였으며 발화요인은 부주의가 많았고, 최초착화물은 쓰레기류와 위험물로 광명시와 시흥시가 각각 다르게 나타났다. 연소확대물로는 대부분 지역에서 종이, 목재, 건초 등이 최빈값으로 나타났다. 인천광역시의 경우는 발화층, 화재유형, 발화열원, 발화요인, 동력원, 연소확대범위의 해당 변수에서는 지역구별 차이가 없었으며, 최초착화물로는 종이, 목재, 건초, 전기, 전자가 최빈값으로 나타났다. 발화환경 분석결과로는 서울지역은 화재발생 시, 건물층수지상, 온도, 습도 변수들은 최빈값의 분포가 산만하여 지역별 특성을 나타내지 못하는 것으로 판단되었으며, 풍향은 대부분 지역이 북서풍이 최빈값으로 나타났다. 또한, 인천지역의 화재발생 시기는 남구지역을 제외한 그 외 지역은 1～3월에 화재가 많이 발생하였으며, 서구, 연수구를 제외한 나머지 지역의 최빈값은 주거지역인 것으로 나타났다.