This study examined the eating habits and preferences of foods according to the age of children with autism spectrum disorders and identified the nutritional needs of parents to support their healthy eating habits and provide basic data for the development of educational programs. A survey of 100 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders was conducted on their children’s snack intake, food preferences, and parents’ nutrition education needs. As a result, there were four times more boys than girls, and the body mass index differed according to age (p<0.001). Most children ate snacks more than once a day, and parents found that they wanted to develop nutritious snacks that could replace high-protein, low-calorie meals with the minimal use of additives. For the food preference, there was a significant difference in grains and starches, vegetables/seafood and fruits, milk and dairy products (p<0.05), fats and sugars, and Korean fermented pastes (p<0.01) between the two age groups. Regarding whether nutrition education was required, many parents had a high demand for nutrition education (4.24±0.70), and the intention to participate was 3.62±1.09. The most important content to be dealt with in parent education was ‘Inducing a change in bad eating habits and behaviors’, which was the highest (63%), and mostly face-to-face education was preferred. In conclusion, young children require diet education, and older children need to focus on weight control and obesity.

NSF developed NSF p477, which covers POU active media systems. Exact types and quantities of cyanotoxins vary. In 2015 USEPA set recommended health advisories for microcystins in drinking water at or below 0.3 μg/L for children less than 6 years old, and at or below 1.6 μg/L for older children and adults. NSF developed and characterized a natural source for microcystin compounds to be used as a contaminant challenge for the POU active media systems being tested. Analytical methodologies were refined to reliably identify and quantify microcystin at levels in the sub part per billion range. Laboratory column studies using various activated carbons were conducted to determine the relative retention of various microcystin congeners, to assess the appropriateness of various congeners for testing purposes.

본 연구는 겨울철 제설제 (CaCl2) 농도처리에 따른 맥문동(Liriope platyphylla)과 수호초(Pachysandra terminalis)의 내염성을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 국내에서 제설제로 가장 많이 사용하는 염화칼슘을 각각 0%(Control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%로 처리한 실험구에 2015년 11월에 맥문동과 수호초를 정식한 후, 이듬해 이른 봄인 2016년 3월에 내염성을 평가하기 위해 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽형지수, 생체중, 건물중, 엽록소함량, 광합성률, 기공전도도, 증산율 등을 측정하였다. 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽형지수, 생체중, 건물중, 엽록소함량, 광합성률, 기공전도도, 증산율 등은 제설제 처리농도가 높을수 록 감소되는 것은 두 식물이 동일하였으나, 맥문동이 수호초보다 좀 더 안정된 생육 및 생리적 특징을 보였다. 무엇보다, 맥문동은 3.0% 이상에서, 수호초는 1.0% 이상의 농도처리에서 생존이 불가능해 맥문동이 수호초보다 내염성이 높은 것으로 판단되었으며, 도시 내 제설제 피해지역에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

모든 식물은 수분이 생육에 직접적으로 영향을 미치며 수분함량에 따라 대사활성이 제한을 받는데, 토양은 수분저 장과 양분을 공급하면서 식물의 뿌리 및 생육에 영향을 미 친다. 그러나 수분이 과도한 경우 토양표면의 견밀도를 증 가시키고 식물의 뿌리와 미생물의 호흡으로 발생하는 이산 화탄소가 증가하여 식물의 생육에 악영향을 미친다. 이와 같은 결과로 인하여 특수식재지연인 논 매립지, 쓰레기 매 립지, 임해 매립지 등에서는 배수불량에 의해 수목의 피해 가 크게 발생한다고 보고되고 있다. 이처럼 국내외 연구결 과를 분석한 결과 대부분 배수불량에 다른 식물생육상태 분석연구, 매립지내 토양과 식물생육과의 관계를 규명한 논 문으로 토양 내 배수불량 개선을 위한 기법을 적용한 실증 및 실험연구는 거의 없었으며, 특히 유공관 등의 기능성파 이프 적용성 및 효율성에 대한 연구는 전무한 상태였다. 따 라서 본 연구는 배수불량지역 내 식재된 수목의 생육증진을 위해 기능성파이프를 적용한 후 식물의 생육에 미치는 영향 을 검증하여 향후 척박지 토양, 배수불량 식재기반 내 식재 설계 시 기초자료로 제시 하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 충청북도 충주시 건국대학교 글로컬캠퍼 스 내에서 2013년 4월부터 10월까지 실시하였으며 실험구 는 가로 66cm, 높이 69cm의 원형 고무용기를 사용 하였다. 식재기반 조성은 배수층 10cm를 펄라이트로 포설 후 마사 토를 이용하여 동일하게 조성하였으며 유형은 총 2종(은행 나무, 왕벚나무)의 수목과 4가지의 유형으로 구분하였다. 식재기반 유형으로는 무처리의 Control(이하 C), TPH관에 쇄석을 채운 유공관 (이하 Tc), PE망에 발포시킨 규사와 제오라이트로 이루어진 다공질경량체를 채운 기능성파이 프를 각각 1개, 2개 식재한 유형으로 (이하 Pv₁, Pv₂) 조성 하였다. 이후 관습 및 배수불량 처리를 위해 주 1회 Over Flow 방식으로 두상관수를 실시하였다. 조사분석방법으로 토양측정과 생육측정으로 구분하여 조사하였으며 우선, 토양측정 항목에는 토양수분 무게변화 와 토양수분, 전기전도도(electric conductivity; EC), 온도 를 조사하였다. 토양수분 무게 변화는 모든 실험구에 6일 동안 매일 관수한 후 표토아래 10cm 부근에서 토양을 채취 하여 자연건조를 통해 무게 변화를 측정하였다. 토양전기전 도도(electric conductivity; EC), 수분과 온도는 EC-300을 사용하여 표토 아래 10cm 부근을 측정하였다. 두 번째로 생육측정의 항목에는 수고, 흉고직경, 엽록소량, 시각적질 을 측정하였다. 수고는 수고측정기를 사용하여 측정하였으 며, 근원직경은 Calipers를 사용하여 측정지점을 동일하게 설정 후 측정하였고, 엽록소 함량은 엽록소측정기(SPAP-5 02, MINOLTA, Japan)를 사용하여 3회 반복 측정하여 평 균값을 사용하였다. 시각적질은 수목의 현 상태를 직접 시 각으로 확인할 수 있는 수목건강도지표를 참고하여 1등급 에서 4등급으로 나누어 수목의 시각적질을 측정하였다. 본 연구는 크게 토양특성과 생육특성으로 분류하여 모니 터링을 실시하였다. 우선 토양특성을 살펴보면, 토양수분 무게변화는 Pv₂ > Pv₁ > Tc > C 순으로 나타났다. 왕벚나 무의 토양수분 무게변화는 Pv₂유형이 가장 빠른 3일만에 초기값으로 돌아갔으며 은행나무의 경우 Pv₂유형이 다른 유형에 비해 가장 빠른 4일만에 초기값으로 돌아가는 것으 로 분석되었다. 반면 C유형의 경우 왕벚나무와 은행나무 모두 6일만에 가장 늦게 초기값으로 감소하였다. 토양수분 은 기온이 가장 높은 8월에 모든 유형을 배수불량지역으로 조성하고 관수하였으며 조성 후 토양수분이 85%이상이 되 도록 유지, 관리하였다. 왕벚나무의 경우 토양수분이 C > Tc > Pv₂ > Pv₁ 순으로 나타났으며 은행나무의 경우 토양 수분이 C > Tc > Pv₁ > Pv₂ 순으로 나타났다. 전기전도도(E C)는 두 수종 모두 7월부터 8월 초까지 장마기간으로 인해 전기전도도가 점차 증가하였고, 배수불량지역으로 조성한 8월 이후 전기전도도가 급격히 상승하고 점차 감소하였다. 토양온도는 두 수종 모두 Pv₂ > Tc > Pv₁ > C 순으로 나타 났으며 외기온도보다 더 높게 나오는 경향을 보였다.생육특성은 배수불량지역 조성 이후 측정을 하였을 때 두 수종 모두 수고 변화량은 Pv₂ > Pv₁ > Tc > C 순으로 분석되었다. 왕벚나무의 경우 다른 유형에 비해 Pv₂유형이 초기의 수고보다 5cm 높게 생장하다가 유지하는 것으로 나타났으며 C유형이 초기 수고보다 2cm 가장 적게 생장하 다 유지하는 것으로 분석되었다. 은행나무도 마찬가지로 Pv ₂유형이 초기 수고보다 3cm 높게 생장하다 유지하는 것으 로 나타났으며 C유형이 다른 유형에 비해 수고의 생장이 높지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 근원직경의 변화량은 두 수 종 모두 수고와 마찬가지로 Pv₂ > Pv₁ > Tc > C 순으로 나타났다. 엽록소함량은 왕벚나무의 경우 Pv₂ > Pv₁, Tc > C 순으로, 은행나무의 경우 Pv₂ > Pv₁ > Tc > C 순으로 나타났으며 두 수종 모두 8월 초에 배수불량지역 배수불량 지역으로 조성 후 엽록소함량이 전체적으로 감소하는 것으 로 분석되었다. 시각적질은 두 수종 모두 Pv₂유형이 다른 유형에 비해 수목건강도가 오랫동안 지속되었으며 C유형 의 경우 다른 유형에 비해 일찍 수목건강도가 떨어지는 것 으로 분석되었다.

The very high temperature gas reactor (VHTR) is one of the next generation nuclear reactors for its safety, long-term stability, and proliferation-resistance. The high operating temperature of over 800˚C enables various applications with high energy efficiency. Heat is transferred from the primary helium loop to the secondary helium loop through the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX). The IHX material requires creep resistance, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance in a helium environment at high operating temperatures. A Ni-based superalloy such as Alloy 617 is considered as a primary candidate material for the intermediate heat exchanger. In this study, the microstructures of Alloy 617 crept in pure helium and air environments at 950˚C were observed. The rupture time in helium was shorter than that in air under small applied stresses. As the exposure time increased, the thickness of outer oxide layer of the specimens clearly increased but delaminated after a long creep time. The depth of the carbide-depleted zone was rather high in the specimens under high applied stress. The reason was elucidated by the comparison between the ruptured region and grip region of the samples. It is considered that decarburization caused by minor gas impurities in a helium environment caused the reduction in creep rupture time.

Methods of producing hydrogen include steam reforming, electrochemical decomposition of water, and the SI process. Among these methods, the Sulfur iodine process is one of the most promising processes for hydrogen production. The thermochemical sulfur-iodine (SI) process uses heat from a high-temperature-gas nuclear reactor to produce H2 gas; this process is known for its production of clean energy as it does not emit CO2 from water. But the SI-process takes place in an extremely corrosive environment for the materials. To endure SI environments, the materials for the SI environment will have to have strong corrosion resistance. This work studies the corrosion resistances of the Fe-Si, Ni-Ti and Ni Alloys, which are tested in SI-process environments. Among the SI-process environments, the conditions of boiling sulfuric acid and decomposed sulfuric acid are selected in this study. Before testing in boiling sulfuric acid environments, the specimens of Fe-4.5Si, Fe-6Si, Ni-4.5Si, Ni-Ti-Si-Nb and Ni-Ti-Si-Nb-B are previously given heat treatment at 1000˚C for 48 hrs. The reason for this heat treatment is that those specimens have a passive film on the surface. The specimens are immersed for 3~14 days in 98wt% boiling sulfuric acid. Corrosion rates are measured by using the weight change after immersion. The corrosion rates of the Fe-6Si and Ni-Ti-Si-Nb-B are found to decrease as the time passes. The corrosion rates of Fe-6si and Ni-Ti-Si-Nb-B are measured at 0.056 mm/yr and 0.16 mm/yr, respectively. Hastelloy-X, Alloy 617, Alloy 800H and Haynes 230 are tested in the decomposed sulfuric acid for one day. Alloy 800H was found to show the best corrosion resistance among the materials. The corrosion rate of Alloy 800H is measured at -0.35 mm/yr. In these results, the corrosion resistance of materials depends on the stability of the oxide film formed on the surface. After testing in boiling sulfuric acid and in decomposed sulfuric acid environments, the surfaces and compositions of specimens are analyzed by SEM and EDX.

Consumers are very concerned about food safety as the risk with food increased. This study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions and practices of consumers on food safety in order to collect some information for the development of consumer education program. Total 500 consumers were asked to answer for survey constituted with 6 questions of generic information, 4 of food safety perceptions and 8 of food safety practices from June to July, 2006. More than half of respondents (51.8%) were unsatisfied with the food safety management of government while the individual practices on food safety were satisfactory. Especially, most respondents (98.7%) checked the expiration date of food when they purchased and 97% of respondents were washed hands before food preparation. The higher food safety perception, the better food safety practices of consumers. These results suggest that the systematic and continuous educations on food safety hazards and the principles of sanitation management are necessary for safe food handling and perception on food safety.

The properties of pyrolytic carbon (PyC) deposited from C2H2 and a mixture of C2H2/C3H6 on ZrO2 particles in a fluidized bed reactor were studied by adjusting the deposition temperature, reactant concentration, and the total gas flow rate. The effect of the deposition parameters on the properties of PyC was investigated by analyzing the microstructure and density change. The density could be varied from 1.0 g/cm3 to 2.2 g/cm3 by controlling the deposition parameters. The density decreased and the deposition rate increased as the deposition temperature and reactant concentration increased. The PyC density was largely dependent on the deposition rate irrespective of the type of the reactant gas used.

This study, conducted from April to May 2004 in the metropolitan and surrounding areas of Seoul, Korea, was performed to show the relationship between indoor and outdoor levels of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in 14 residential houses. In addition, indoor/outdoor ratios of PM10, PM2.5 concentrations were calculated. The relationship between the PM10, PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory symptoms by self recording questionnaire of 14 houses was investigated. In conclusion, although the results of this study failed to establish the relationship between PM10, PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory symptoms among residents, the levels of indoor PM2.5 were significantly higher than those of outdoor levels. The indoor PM10, PM2.5 concentrations were increased by the amount of time spent of residents. Further research should be directed to establish the relationship between PM10, PM2.5 concentration and respiratory symptoms.

This paper is for standard of South and North Korea clothing, especially size. It is analysis and make a comparative study of KS K 0050-0052 which is South Korea industrial standard and KPS 8477.1~3, 8477.6, 8477.9, 10253 which is North Korea's. With this

At present, company has to produce a product that consumer like with a competitive price, a good quality, and a fitting time to supply. Process control and quality control are very important to supply with a product uniformly and inexpensively. Process co

In human life, clothing, shoes and appliance are necessary and it"s importance is getting higher for better life. This paper is for standard of South and North Korea clothing, especially size. It is analyzing and comparing KS K 0050-0052 (which is south korea industrial standard) and KPS 8477.1~3, 8477.6, 8477.9, 10253 (which is north korea"s). With this research, it is found the difference and sameness, then this paper suggests the method for combining two different standard systems.

Purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and life style of middle-aged people in Daejon. The subjects expressed more fear for disease as getting older(p<0.01). Sixty six percent of the subjects have suffered in the past or suffer at present certain kinds of disease. The older they are, the more disease they have. The alimentary disease, neuralgia, and arthritis were the most popular disease. The eye strain and exhaustion of body were indicated more frequently in fifties than in thirties or forties(p<0.01). They considered excercise as the most important factor to maintain health status, and then moderation in diet, relaxation, rest, decrease of alcohol intake, no smoking. Forty three percent of them were non-drinker. The number of drinker was four times more in male than female and increased as getting younger(p<0.01). Only male revealed smoker and 29% of them smoked 10-20 cigarettes per day. The number of smoker decreased as getting older(p<0.01). Male played exercise more regularly than female and subjects have better exercise habit as getting older(p<0.01). This study suggests that practical programs for self-health control should be developed for playing exercise regularly for female and for considering nutrition, no smoking, and no drinking in the daily life for male.