To understand the composition, quantity, and quality of Suspended Particulate Organic Matter (SPOM) in the Gangneung Namdae Stream, Korea, we examined spatiotemporal variations in water temperature, salinity, chlorophlly a (Chl a), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), and carbon stable isotope (δ13C) of SPOM at six stations in June (pre-monsoon), July (monsoon), and September (post-monsoon) 2017. With increasing precipitation, the average POC and C/N values increased significantly in July than in June. In September, the values decreased with decreasing precipitation. The δ13C values showed irregular spatiotemporal fluctuations among the stations and periods, thereby suggesting a greater contribution of autochthonous organic matter to the pool of SPOM than that of allochthonous organic matter derived from upstream. In addition, the large and irregular changes in POC, C/N ratio, C:Chl a, and δ13C compared to that of PON were observed for all periods among the stations, indicating a serial discontinuity of the stream. Our results suggest that the Gangneung Namdae Stream is significantly influenced by the increase in freshwater discharge caused by heavy rainfalls during the summer monsoon and post-monsoon periods.

Suspended and sinking particles were collected during ODP Leg 119 to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Field work was carried out at four sampling sites in Prydz Bay. Two of these sites were located in the Outer Bay, and two in the Inner Bay. At the four locations, a total of ten deployments of a sediment trap array were made. The concentrations of carotenoids both in suspended and sinking particulate matter in Prydz Bay were analyzed using HPLC. Fucoxanthin was the dominant carotenoid pigments both in suspended and sinking particles. The present study also indicates that 19'-hexanoyoxyfucoxanthin-containing prymesiophytes (Phaeocystis spp.) was abundant in the study area. The flux rates of carotenoids were generally highest at 50 m, and approximately double the flux rates at deeper horizons, however, at Inner Bay sites, the mean flux rates of carotenoids were greatest at 200 m, and 3 times greater than that of 50 m. Such anomalous high fluxes at 200 m imply that grazers were locally abundant between 100 m and 200 m at these sites close to land, and this hypothesis is supported by visual evidence of lots of fecal pellets in the 200 m trap. Integrates standing stocks versus sinking pigments data support that particulate material in Prydz Bay was not recycled rapidly.

Suspended and sinking particles were collected in austral summer during ODP Leg 119 to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Field work was carried out at four sampling sites in Prydz Bay. Two of these sites were located in the Outer Bay, and two in the Inner Bay. At the four locations, a total of ten deployments of a sediment trap array were made. The concentrations of chlorophylls and their degradation products both in suspended and sinking particulate matter in Prydz Bay were analyzed using HPLC. Chlorophylls a and c were the dominant algal pigments both in suspended and sinking particles. Because of the abundance of fecal pellets at Site 740, the mean fluxes at 200 m averaged 6 fold greater than that at 50 m. This implies that a dense swarm of zooplankters, presumably large copepods and/or salps, may "feed and excrete" mainly in between 100-200 m depths at this site, closest to land in Prydz Bay. Interestingly, The flux of phaeophorbide a was generally similar in magnitude to that of chlorophyll a throughout the study areas. This is an evidence that materials escaping from near-surface regions in austral summer derive mainly from the gazing of zooplankters. "New production" from sediment-trapped CHL pigment fluxes in Prydz Bay was estimated using f-ratio of 0.15, ranging from 520 to 1,605 μgC m-2 day-1.

In order to measure in-situ suspended particle size, volume concentration of suspended particulate matter and current speed, mooring observation was performed at the Gwangyang Bay by using of an optical instrument, 'LISST-100' and an acoustic instrument, 'ADV'(St. S1). And the sediment flux was obtained based on the concentration of suspended particulate matter and current speeds measured at three lines of Gwangyang Bay during ebb and flood tide of August 2006. To investigate the spatial variation of suspended particulate matter, profiling observations were measured difference echo intensity and beam attenuation coefficient by using of ADCP and Transmissometer (Line A, B, C). The suspended sediment flux rate at the mouth of Gwangyang Bay was observed to be higher during asymmetrical than symmetrical of current speeds. The flux of suspended particulate matter concentration and current speeds were transported to southeastern direction of surface layer and northwestern direction of bottom layer at the western area at line A of Gwangyang Bay. Small suspended particles have been found to increase attenuation and transmission more efficiently than similar large particles using acoustic intensity (ADV/ADCP) or optical transmit coefficient (LISST-100/Transmissometer). The application and problems as using optical or acoustic instruments will be detected for use in time varying calibrations to account for non-negligible changes in complex environments in situ particle dynamics are poorly understood.

In order to investigate the distribution of suspended particulate matter of the surface water in the South Sea of Korea in early winter, the cruise results during 2 to 8 December 2004 were analyzed in relation to the hydrography. The front was formed along the line connecting between Tsushima and Cheju Islands, which divided the water into two water masses; the coastal water with low temperature and low salinity, and the Tsushima Warm Current Water with high temperature and high salinity. In the coastal water the suspended particulte matter was 5.0-6.5 mg/l, while in the oceanic water suspended particulate matter was 4.5-5.0 mg/l. The coastal water showed higher mixing effects, compared to the oceanic area where vertical stratification was clearly formed. These indicate that the distribution of suspended particulate matter was affected by the stratification or mixing of the water column. Also it is suggested that the mixing effects of sea surface cooling and wind play an important role on the distribution of suspended particulate matter in the South Sea of Korea in winter time.

This study was performed to research the characteristics of suspended particulate for Yellow Sand of January, 1999 in Busan. Yellow Sand frequency during 13 years(1988~2000) in Busan showed maximum in April(57%), next to March(21%), May(16%). According to result of 850hPa weather map and backward isentropic trajectory, this event originated from the Gobi Desert and the Loess Plateau of China. And three mode was found in time series of TSP and PM10 concentration, primary peak showed the maximum hourly concentration at all station. Gamjeondong as industrial site showed the highest TSP concentration and also had the longest high concentration(≥700㎍/m3). In PM10, concentration of primary peak showed maximum value at Yeonsandong, maximum concentration of secondary and third peak was Deokcheondong. Lasted time from primary peak to secondary peak was about 30 hours, between secondary peak and third peak was 18 hours in Busan, The traveling time between occurrence of Yellow Sand the finding of it was 8~9 hours in Busan and 4~5 hours in central area.

Photosynthetic pigments and their degradation products in suspended and sinking particles collected from the Gulf of Mexico waters 1987∼88, were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The short term variations in flux rates of chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as their degradation products were compared at the mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation features (cold core ring and warm core ring). Chlorophyll a was the predominant porphyrin of suspended particulate matter at both CCR and WCR. Among carotenoid pigments, 19`-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which is a biomarker of prymnesiophytes, was dominant pigment at both rings. Phaeophorbide a, which is produced through the grazing processes of grazers, was the predominant degraded pigment in sinking particles at the study area. Total pigment flux in CCR was an order of magnitude higher than that in WCR. Less than 1% of the standing stock of the pigments measured sank out of the upper 200 m of the WCR on any given day. Thus, suspended particulate matter in Gulf of Mexico was not recycled rapidly.