The weapon systems development has some distinct characteristics in that a big size of government budget (derived from national tax) has been expended frequently and the completion of the development projects seems to take long. Thus, the impact of the potential changes in the required operational capability on the development activities can induce some type of project risks. As such, proper management of project risk has been one of crucial subjects in the weapon systems development. Although a variety of methods can be considered, an approach based on the test and evaluation (T&E) process has been selected in this paper in order to appropriately handle those potential risks. In the study of the underlying T&E process, the safety consideration (for instance, explosiveness) of weapon systems is also included. To achieve the objective of the paper, a step-by-step procedure is first presented in the analysis of the T&E process. Then, to pursue some enhancement on the process, a set of necessary and useful activities are added in terms of risk and safety management. The resultant process is further analyzed and tailored based on a design structure matrix method. The case study of a tank development is also discusse

Modern weapon systems are getting more complex in terms of the functionality and also the conditions on the environment and range in which they are deployed and used. Therefore, many development programs can easily be exposed to a variety of risks, resulting in delayed schedules and cost overrun. As such, effective means are necessary to keep the defence budget at an affordable level while competitive edges on technological aspects are retained. As one way to meet those need, modeling and simulation (M&S) methods have widely been used, particularly in the test and evaluation (T&E) process for weapon systems development. The result of M&S-based systems development should be evaluated by the verification, validation & accreditation (VV&A) process to assure keeping reliability at a desired level. On the other hand, due to the explosiveness, the weapons systems development naturally requires to consider safety issues in both the T&E and operational periods. The purpose of this paper is to improve the VV&A process by reflecting the safety requirements therein. To do so, the VV&A process has been analyzed and graphically modeled first and then safety elements have been incorporated effectively. The use of the improved process in the war ships development has also been discussed. Based on the process proposed and the consequent database constructed, the target system can be expected to benefit from reducing development risks while assuring systems safety.

최근 현대 무기체계는 국방예산 절감과 보다 빠르게 전략화하기 위해 시험평가에 소요 되는 기간을 줄이고자 하고 있다. 이에 따라 기존의 무기체계 시험평가 프로세스 에서 다루는 시스템 설계에 대한 단계별 안전 활동 강화의 필요성 역시 강조되고 있 다. 본 논문에서는 무기체계 획득 프로세스에서 위험 완화의 구성 요소로 확인 (Verification), 검증(Validation) 및 인정(Accreditation) 활동을 고려한 시험평가 프로세 스의 개선사항 도출과 모델링을 통해 무기체계 시스템인 함정 무기체계를 대상으로 적용 및 조정 구축에 대한 내용을 기술하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 시험평가 의 위험요소, 위험평가 데이터의 관리 및 추적 기능을 개선함으로써 향후 M&S기반 획득 시험평가 시 체계 개발 및 운용에서 발생할 수 있는 비용 및 시간을 절감 시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

With the recent changes in the environment of weapon systems acquisition, the systems development is becoming more susceptible to a variety of risks. To cope with this situation, US DoD has been emphasizing the importance of constantly applying the test and evaluation (T&E) process throughout the whole life cycle of the weapon systems. In particular, the safety requirements are called for attention while dealing with system risks. To this end, the present paper is aimed at studying the T&E process which incorporates the systems safety in weapon systems development. Analyzing and modeling the relevant processes has made it possible to achieve the objective. As a case study, the model results were applied to the development of unmanned aerial vehicles.

The recent trend in modern systems development can be characterized by the increasing complexity in terms of both the functionality and HW/SW scale that seems to be accelerated by the growing user requirements and the rapid advancement of technology. Among the issues of complexity, the one related to systems safety has attracted great deal of attention lately in the development of the products ranging from mass-transportation systems to defence weapon systems. As such, the incorporation of safety requirements in systems development is becoming more important. Note, however, that since such safety-critical systems are usually complex to develop, a lot of organizations and thus, engineers should participate in the development. In general, there seems to be a variety of differences in both the breadth and depth of the technical background they own. To address the problems, at first this paper presents an effective design process for safety-critical systems, which is intended to meet both the systems design and safety requirements. The result is then advanced to obtain the models utilizing the systems modeling language (SysML) that is a de facto industry standard. The use of SysML can facilitate the construction of the integrated process and also foster active communication among many participants of diverse technical backgrounds. As a case study, the model-based development of high-speed trains is discussed.

최근 현대 무기체계는 최첨단 기술로 인한 무기체계 개발 속도 증가와 획득환경의 다변화와 더불어 이에 대한 위험도 동시에 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 미국방부는 무기체계의 수명주기를 고려하여 시험평가를 지속 적용토록 강조하고 있다. 따라서 기존의 무기체계 시험평가 프로세스에서 다루는 시스템 설계에 대한 단계별 안전 활동의 강화의 필요성 역시 강조되고 있다. 그 중에서도 무기체계 개발의 핵심 활동에 해당하는 체계개발 단계는 양산에 들어가기 전의 최종 활동으로서 제대로 수행되어야만 초기에 의도한 무기체계 개발의 목적을 달성할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 시스템 안전성 요소를 고려한 시험평가 프로세스의 개선사항 도출과 모델링을 통해 무기체계 시스템인 무기체계를 대상으로 적용 및 조정 구축에 대한 내용을 기술하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 향후 시험평가 기간의 단축 및 비용 절감과 데이터의 관리 및 추적 기능을 개선함으로써 무기체계 개발 후의 안전사고 발생 가능성을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

산업기술의 비약적인 발전으로 인해 오늘날 우리가 개발하거나 사용하는 시스템은 보다 기술의 고도화 양상을 보이고 있다. 따라서, 기존의 시스템이 지니고 있어 제공하는 단일 특성에서 벗어나 다양한 학제간 결합된 기술로 기존 시스템이 지니고 있는 관념적인 기능에서 벗어나 다기능을 제공하고 있다. 이로 인해, 기존의 개발단계에서는 보다 높은 설계 신뢰성이 요구되고 있다. 특히, 오늘날 우리사회는 시스템의 개발성공이라는 안도에서 벗어나 시스템 운용·유지단계에서도 안전성 측면에서 매우 중요성을 인식하고 대비하고 있다. 따라서, 국내에서는 미흡한 상위 단계에서의 설계활동과 또한, 같은 시스템 수명주기 상에서의 시스템 안전활동을 동시에 고려한 동시공학적인 접근에 관한 연구를 본 연구팀은 지속적으로 수행해왔다. 따라서, 기존의 연구결과인 설계와 안전을 동시에 고려한 통합 설계 프로세스 모델에 대해, 시스템개발에 관련한 모든 이해당사자가 공통된 이해를 바탕으로 시스템설계와 안전 활동에 대해 상호 호완성과 공통된 인식을 갖고 접근할 수 있는 방안을 본 연구를 통해 수행하였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 모델기반 시스템공학 기법중 보편적인 언어인 공통 언어를 통해 기존 연구를 통해 제시한 통합설계 프로세스 모델을 구현에 관한 연구 수행을 통한 접근 방안에 관하여 논의하고 있다. 본 연구를 기반으로 향후 추가 연구를 수행한다면, 국내 대형복합시스템의 설계단계에서의 안전성을 동시 고려한 시스템 설계 신뢰성 확보를 위해 도움이 될 것으로 기대 된다.

As the human demand or desire on brand new systems otherwise equipped with new functions grows drastically, so does the complexity of the systems. With this trend, the systems are becoming bigger in scale and at the same time the safety requirements are more stringent in the development. Typical systems examples in such a situation may include high-speed railway systems, aero and space systems, marine systems, etc. Failure of those systems can cause serious damages on both the human being and wealth with social infrastructure. As such, it is quite necessary to ensure that the safety requirements be satisfied in the system development. To achieve this need, there could be a lot of solutions to take. In this paper, regarding safety, a special attention is given to the verification phase process, which is one of the intermediate phases of whole systems development process. More specifically, the ultimate concern is placed on how to carry out the design verification while ensuring the safety requirements. To do so, some improvements in the verification phase were proposed first. Then, the outcomes were combined with the systems safety process by generating an integrated process model to reach the goal. As a case study, application to a railway system was discussed, where strict safety requirements are usually necessary. It would be expected that the potential likelihood of failure with rail systems could be reduced if the results obtained are used effectively with some enhancement from further study.

최근 현대사회는 자동차, 철도 및 항공 등 대형 복합 시스템의 체계 속에서 지내고 있으며, 고장 및 사고로 인한 시스템의 안전 설계에 대한 고려와 안전에 대한 인식이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 기존의 시스템공학 프로세스에서 다루는 시스템 설계에 대한 단계별 안전 활동의 강화의 필요성 역시 강조되고 있다. 그 중에서도 시스템 설계의 최종 활동에 해당하는 검증 단계 활동이 제대로 수행되어야만 초기에 의도한 시스템 설계의 안전도 향상을 바라볼 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 안전 활동을 고려한 시 스템공학 프로세스의 검증 단계의 개선사항 도출과 모델링을 통해 안전중시 시스템인 철도 차량 운전실 시스템을 대상으로 적용 및 조정 구축에 대한 내용을 기술하고 있 다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 향후 품질 향상 및 비용 절감과 데이터의 관리

Recently, we have witnessed the definitely negative impacts of large-scale accidents happened in such areas as atomic power plants and high-speed train systems, which result in increased fear for the potential danger. The problems appear to arise due to the deficiency in the design of large-scale complex systems. One of the causes can be attributed to the design process that does not fully reflect the safety requirements in the early stage of the system development because of the substantially increased complexity. In this paper, to enhance the systems safety an integrated process is studied, which considers simultaneously both the system design process and system safety process from the beginning of the system development. In the conceptual system design phase an integrated process model is constructed by analyzing the activities of both the system design and safety processes. As a case study example, an inner city train system is described with the application of the developed process. The computer simulation of the example case is followed by the result discussed. The results obtained in the paper are expected to be the basis for the future study where a detailed process and its associated activities can be developed.

It is becoming more and more important to develop safety-critical systems with special attention. Examples of the safety-critical systems include the mass transportation systems such as high speed trains, airplanes, ships and so forth. Safety critical issues can also exist in the development of atomic power plants that are attracting a great deal of attention recently as oil prices are sky-rocketing. Note that the safety-critical systems are in general large-scale and very complex for which case the effects of adopting the systems engineering (SE) approach has been quite phenomenal. Furthermore, safety-critical requirements should necessarily be realized in the design phase and be effectively maintained thereafter. In light of these comments, we have considered our approach to developing safety-critical systems to be based on the method combining the systems engineering and safety management processes. To do so, we have developed a design environment by constructing a whole life cycle model in two steps. In the first step, the integrated process model was developed by integrating the SE (ISO/IEC 15283) and systems safety (e.g., hazard analysis) activities and implemented in a computer-aided SE tool environment. The model was represented by three hierarchical levels: the life-cycle level, the process level, and the activity level. As a result, one can see from the model when and how the required SE and safety processes have to be carried out concurrently and iterately. Finally, the design environment was verified by the computer simulation.