To clarify the concepts of dialects, vernacular and regional languages used with similar meanings, this study attempted to reveal the usage patterns and concepts of these expressions based on written corpus. The written corpus of printed newspaper articles from the online Naver News Library that archived newspaper articles from 1920 to 1999 and the news article corpus crawled by the online Naver News portal from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2021 were extracted and analyzed. In particular, this paper analyzed the relationship between collates and keywords based on the corpus linguistic research methodology of the news article corpus for the past eighteen years and how they were being used in official records and press documents by corresponding with the 'dialects, vernacular, and regional languages' in socio-linguistic terms of modern Korean. The results are summarized as follows. First, the concept of linguistic norms that a dialects have terms corresponding to the words or standard languages was established after the 1930s. Second, in the library of newspaper articles published in the 20th century, dialects or vernaculars were perceived as negative objects to be removed in preparation for standard language. Third, it can be seen that the positive value judgment on 'vernacular' has increased in the corpus of news articles over the past decade. Fourth, dialects and vernacular, regional language, and standard language were used to be compatible with each other, and it can been seen that dialects were mainly used in academic contexts and vernacular were mainly used in everyday contexts. Fifth, it can be confirmed that the positive perception of standard language has been maintained in the 20th-century newspaper article corpus and the 21st-century news article corpus for the last eighteen years after the recognition of standard language.

예이츠의 「청금석」과 브라운의 「나의 레이니」에서 예술의 마술으로 비극적 장면이 행복의 장으로 바뀐다. 「청금석」에서는 “구슬픈 곡조”조차 기쁨을 만들고, 블루음악은 청중으로부터 고마움을 일으키는 군중의 흥미를 만드는데 이는 레이니의 기교를 통해서 노래로 만들어진다. 아일랜드의 문예부흥과 신흑인 문예부흥 사이의 연관성이 있는데, 토속적 언어, 음악성, 그리고 공연이라는 공통점이 있다. 「두니의 바이올린연주자」와 「성인들이여」는 둘 다 “예술에서의 자기존중에 대한 갈망”을 표현하 는 민속과 강하게 연관된 토속적 시의 전통을 만들어 내기 위해 민속의 중요성을 전경화 시킨다.

본고는 명대 백화단편소설이 18세기에 최초로 영어로 번역된 이후 20세기 전반기까지 약 200년 동안 영어권 독자들에게 수용되어간 상황에 대해 고찰하였다. 명대 백화단편소설은 서양인 선교사의 선교활동과 유럽의 제국주의적 확장정책이 시작될 무렵에 번역되기 시작하여, 19세기와 20세기 동안 지속적으로 번역되어왔다. 본고에서는 번역본이 나온 시간적 순서에 따라 번역의 맥락과 특징 그리고 전유 양상 등을 중심으로 서술하였다. 18세기에 나온 최초의 번역은 불역본을 통한 간접번역이었으며, 19세기에 들어와서야 비로소 중국원전에서 직접 번역하기 시작했고 원문에 충실한 번역태도가 나타났다. 19세기까지 번역의 주체는 모두 서양인이었으며, 발표지면은 대부분 대중적인 신문잡지였고, 출판지역은 영국 런던, 오스트레일리아 세일, 일본 요코하마, 스코틀랜드 에딘버러, 중국의 홍콩, 광동, 상해 등 글로벌 국제도시에 두루 걸쳐있었다. 20세기에 들어서면서 중국인 번역가가 비로소 출현하였고 앤솔로지 형식의 단행본이 많이 출간되었으며 번역가의 번역의도에 따라 명대 백화 단편소설은 충실하게 또는 자유롭게 번역되었다.

Architecture is a shelter for society whose social pattern requires a specific form to accord with its material and spiritual needs. Providing a truly acceptable architecture requires our deeper understanding of cultural tradition - mythic values - not only because myth is an interpreted and configured form of 'thing' through man's second nature, such as his subjective and objective consciousness -'self-revelation of the absolute'- but also because, in the world of mythical imagination, a fragment of substantial reality -'thing'- becomes an equivalent mode to the signification, and emerges as 'its independent spiritual form' and 'the characteristic force of the logos.' In this sense, myth of place and myth behind tectonic form are the most essential sources for comprehending people's relationship to the world of inner and conscious experience. The recent efforts of modern architects to achieve cultural continuity should begin with re-interpretation and configulation of the myths behind describable material culture, especially artistic imagination inspired by deeper understanding of the myth of place. Myth provide artists with a creative inspiration, as they did in the past.

Nagan walled town is located on an axis connecting symbolic places, which is a lucky place from the Fengshui point of view because a mountain sits to the rear and a body of water sits to the front. It represents the environmental development of cultural space by blending folk belief, religion, social systems, adminstration facilities and living culture buildings. Therefore, it has a sustainable cultural view connected with a formed or formless religious view and an artificial view (walls, government buildings, living houses, cultivated lands, etc.) in a natural landscape. Environmental design techniques, enlarging the meaning and value of living on a mental level, can be found in the arrangement of space composition and settlement of Nagan walled town. The organised spaces of government and residential areas were constructed within the wall with the view of searching for lucky places (from best, better and good places) in order to construct ecological networks (天+地+人, 山+水+方位+人, 地理+生利+山水+人心) according to the outlooks of space and settlement.