Southern Royal Villa served as an accommodation for the prince in early Joseon Dynasty, and as an official residence and banquet room for Chinese diplomats in the later period. It was facing south and was located at the southern part of the old town of Seoul and to the north of the Southern Gate. The place was divided into four parts: the outmost, the middle, the inner-middle and the inner part beginning from the south and with important buildings placed in the inner part. The residence for the first and the second highest diplomats was situated at the northernmost location. The residence for the highest diplomat was a two-story building. On the west side of the residence was the large scale Western Banquet Room. It consisted of a single wide hall suited for a grand ceremony, and had the greatest formality and solemnity. On the southwestern side of the diplomatic residence was a building which was called Momchae before the early 17th century and Namru(南樓) after the 19th century. Namru in the inner-middle part is the half-sized remnant of Momchae, which used to be the largest building in the Southern Royal Villa. The title ‘Momchae (meaning Main Buildling)’ signifies that the building represented the entire Villa when it was built as an accommodation for princes. The layout of the Villa in early Joseon Dynasty, which was centered around Momchae, is highly likely to have been a common structure of royal villa for princes during the period.

The purpose of this paper is to study on the characteristic of site planning of Hadrian’s villa. The whole site planning of Hadrian’s villa can be divided by different characteristic four groups(Ⅰ-Ⅳ). It is analysed to the whole site plan of such huge complex and the site planning of partial each group which is organically connected each other. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Hadrian’s villa was arranged in adapt to natural condition according to a gentle inclination by topography and terrain of the whole site which many different buildings are oriented towards natural landscape of the site and the site surroundings. 2. The site planning of Hadrian’s villa is composed of dividing into four groups as plan segmentalized through various land use plan, considering for territory of functional aspect and direction of axis formed by situation and direction of topography and terrain. 3. The concept of site planning to buildings of Hadrian’s villa is composed through each other connection; the first, meeting, crossing and merging with each other from arrangement by several axises, the second, change of direction with as the center a part of corner of buildings and the third, facing or inserting system to side and side, side and a part of corner of building.

The Villa Mairea (1937-39) designed by Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) has been studied by many researchers from various viewpoints. However, few studies have devoted their attention to the major issue raised by Aalto at the Yale University lecture and "Mairea" article in arkitekten in 1939. The issue is to fuse art with life in the living room with mobile partition walls that can function both as art exhibition walls and as art storage cabinets at the same time. Through this device, he maintained, the client can change displayed pictures easily according to the situation and so "painting and everyday life can evolve in a more direct manner." This paper argues that Aalto's concept originated from Japanese 'tokonoma' in Tetsuro Yoshida's Das japanische Wohnhaus (1935), which he referred to during the project. Differently from other Japanese features in the house, this tokonoma idea is more than formal, but more decisive than passing in driving the plan. And, whether coincidently or not, his idea exactly corresponds to Japanese aesthetes' and critics' own interpretation of the tononoma as the symbolic centre of Japanese people's everyday life. More importantly, however, this art display concept discloses secret strata of modern architecture during the time when the petrified rationalism was still at its power Even through the tokonoma motif alone, we see diverse trails in modern architecture: fusion of the East and the West, fusion of the traditional and the modern, to say nothing of fusion of art with life.

This study on the site of vision in the Villa Savoye of Le Corbusier, concentrates on the precise analysis of the meaning of 'fenetre on longueur' in the living room. A lots of architectural theorists have regarded the Villa Savoye of Le Corbusier as a symbol of modern architecture, and his 'fenetre on longueur' as products of modern technology. But Le Corbusier who defined himself as 'homme visuel', responded keenly to the vision conditions inherent to the human finitude, Indifferent to the modern technology, Such a response would be derived from the experience of Acropolis, where 'the scheme was designed to be seen from a distance.' Generally speaking, 'fenetre en longueur', contra to 'porte-fenetre', makes one to focus on the panorama effect of the horizon, including a distant view. Entering the living room of Villa Savoye, however, we may perceive this window in two ways. Firstly this window acts as a screen to obstruct not to see outside, because of the wall above pressing down the line of view. Secondly this acts as a frame to make us see a distant view as far as eye can reach. These two ways result in the abbreviation of near view, and a sudden shift between a inferiority(derived from 'screen effect') and a distant view(from 'frame effect'). Depending on such a observation, this study can evaluate 'fenetre en longueur' internalizing of a distant view as the highest compressed scene of Le Corbusier's architectural poetics.

Sosaewon and Villa D’este were built in the early of 16th and mid-of 16th each. Sosaewon was built based on the accommodation of topography of the surroundings whilst Villa D’este highlights the distinction of terrace and axis existed on the configuration of the grounds and natures. Both gardens have reflected the social and political influence in that period of constructing tat the builders had been through. These factors have been analyzed by iconological methodology to interpret the inherent meaning of the garden in philosophical, mythological, religious and Feng-shui context and discovered the interconnected relations between two gardens. The characteristic of Sosaewon’s space is based on the Mu-yi-gu-gok, which is derived from a Taoist, due to a builder’s Neo-Confucianism value. Hence Sosaewon contains the adaption of the nature itself based on the values of Mu-yi-gu-gok, which are expressed by visual, auditory and literary elements, brining about the poetic beauty of waiting. The structures of Villa D’este reveal the combination of nature and art whilst it also connotes the theme of ‘The Choice of Hercules’, indicating the builder’s philosophy and will symbolically. Each space of Villa D’este has diverse space for various interpretations followed by this theme. For the interpretation of meaning of Sosaewon and Villa D’este, Sosaewon has adapted the nature of surroundings which contain a view of nature, on the other hand, Villa D’este borrowed the nature of surroundings to build and decorate the garden, using natural terrace and axis for the variation, and drag the river near the garden artificially to fit into the axis of the garden. Villa D’este contains significant mythological and iconological factor intended to highlight the builder’s dignity, status and position.

This study applies the results of iconological interpretation of Sosaewon and Villa D’este’s constructed areas to the context interpretation methodology of contemporary aesthetics, which is based on writer’s own artistic context derived from writer’s own artistic works. This approach intends to develop and apply new forms of garden art and imagification into writer’s own artistic works by mixture and juxtaposition of these whole heterogeneous implications of Sosaewon and Villa D’este. In addition, the study attempts to construct new value in garden art by applying the diverse artistic aspects of Sosaewon and Villa D’este derived from their diverse iconological interpretation, seeking transition from current standardized garden planning system to compound and fusion system of garden art in the modern times. The study attempts to draw new flow of contemporary garden art. For this, de-constructivism perspective, which contains post-modern cultural characteristic, is applied to examine the Sosaewon and Villa D’este’s hidden but intended factors and spirits by the builders.